This is the final article in a series about drone regulation in China. Parts one and two can be found here.

Illicit drone flights have caused no shortage of problems, with the issue largely stemming from a combination of rapid technological advances in the field and a failure on the part of regulators to keep pace. In accordance with the belief that the person who broke it should fix it, problems that arise from technology require technology-based solutions.

DJI, the drone-manufacturing powerhouse that controls over half the Chinese market, has published a series of posts on its website outlining its concerns and thoughts on the matter. Its unclear whether any of the various local governments that have issued drone-related regulations and notices consulted DJI beforehand. What is clear is that manufacturers, governments, and the military are beginning to agree on the significance of the problem of illicit black flights, and that they are starting to come to a consensus about how to handle the issue.

In an article titled Some Thoughts on Domestic Drone Safety Technology, DJI argued that innovations in geofencing technology, early warning and monitoring systems, and electronic jamming could give China more powerful and accurate tools for controlling drones. Geofencing makes use of a drones GPS chip, checking the drones location against a database of restricted airspaces. It automatically prevents drones from being used in such locations, while not interfering with their use in areas where they can be safely flown. By hard coding the location of governmental buildings, military bases, airports, nuclear power stations, and dams into a list of restricted airspaces, manufacturers can effectively control where drones can fly.

DJI claims that drone regulation should draw on the lessons learned from regulating ground vehicles and handheld radios. Any regulatory system should involve keeping the relevant records, training registrations, and flight plans on file. It should be clear which organization is in charge of hearing disputes and what the limits of its authority are. Drones should only be allowed to fly after receiving proper authorization, and after the flight, operators must submit a report including the drones actual flight path and whether anything out of the ordinary occurred.

Furthermore, the company continues, an annual review system should be implemented to ensure a given drones hardware has not been compromised and that it can still be flown safely. This annual assessment should also include updating drone operator records, with those who broke or violated regulations being subject to loss of license. Mandatory insurance requirements should also be instituted to cover any injuries or property damage incurred while the drone is in flight.

Currently, according to a notice from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, local government bodies responsible for overseeing the civil aviation industry are required to notify all civilian drone manufacturers under their jurisdiction that they must submit company and product information to the government, and to monitor these companies to ensure their compliance. They must also familiarize themselves with the overall state of the drone industry.

In addition, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) issued a document requiring civilian drone manufacturers and owners to open an account with them that requires real-name registration for all drones with a maximum takeoff weight of 250 grams or more. The CAAC also approved its first batch of data on restricted airspaces over civilian airfields. As the steady stream of new regulations continues, experts believe that a drone supervision system will gradually start to take shape.

In the past, there were reports of companies advertising their drones as being able to fly into restricted airspace. Given the dangers involved in such activity, low-altitude radar must be installed to quickly identify such threats, and it should be used in conjunction with electronic jamming equipment to force any errant drones from the sky. If necessary, military equipment can be used to shoot them down.

After Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport in eastern China experienced drone-related disruptions early this year, the authorities installed electronic jamming equipment capable of grounding all drones within 15 kilometers. According to media reports, in March, the Qingdao-based company Digitech announced Chinas first complete civil anti-drone system, combining monitoring and warning systems, electromagnetic interference and drone capture capabilities, and the ability to trace a drone to its source. According to the companys own description, the device was used as part of the security measures during the 2017 New Years celebrations on the Bund in Shanghai, where it kept more than 10 drones out of the sky, reducing security risks.

Drone safety is a recent issue, one that has proven difficult to solve. The rising number of drone-related incidents in China has given the matter an unprecedented level of importance, with new regulations released all the time in an attempt to strengthen controls on their use. However, we need to be careful about adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to regulations on drone flights and real-name registration systems.

While registration requirements can have an impact in the short term, if we fail to adapt to the realities of the current drone market, or to confront suspicions of lax government oversight, then it will be difficult to achieve real results in the long term. This, in turn, will influence the production and use of drones in daily life, as well as research and development in the field, and will ultimately have a negative impact on the drone market as a whole.

Translator: Kilian ODonnell; editors: Lu Hongyong and Matthew Walsh.

(Header image: A young man practices flying a drone near Shangjie Airport in Zhengzhou, Henan province, Sept. 19, 2015. Wen Jun/VCG)

Link:
How New Drone Rules Will Keep China's Airports Safe - Sixth Tone

ANN ARBOR Michigan starts off an important recruiting weekend Friday as it hosts its 1-Day Elite camp. That will be followed on Saturday with the Big Man Big House camp.

Fridays 1-day Elite Camp is expected to draw several big names from the 2019 and 2020 recruiting classes, while Saturdays Big Man Big House camp is designedsolely foroffensive and defensive linemen.

Land of 10s Rachel Lenzi and Kevin Goheen will be on hand both days to bring you updates on recruits for the 2018 class and beyond.

7:04 p.m.: Jim Harbaugh spoke with reporters after a thorough meet-and-greet with players and parents. Here are some of the highlights of his discussion:

All 19 players in the freshman class who werent January enrollees are expected to be on campus by Saturday. A few such as DT Aubrey Solomon, DE Luiji Vilain, S Brad Hawkins and WR Nico Collins arrived a week or more ago.

Theyve got to be here tomorrow when orientation starts, Harbaugh said. Say a prayer that all the cars and planes operate effectively. God willing theyll get here safely.

If a player wants to participate in another sport as well as football, Harbaugh is all for it.

Incoming freshman LB Jordan Anthony also played baseball at IMG Academy and has expressed interest in joining manager Erik Bakichs team.

Very much we would embrace it., Harbaugh said. He is an elite football player and an elite baseball player. When theyre elite at two sports, right when football season is over, well let them go to another sport.

Harbaugh stressed that a player couldnt go play another sport if he was just going to another player. The player needs to be, Harbaugh said: elite-elite.

He mentioned WR Oliver Martin as another possible two-sport athlete. Martins second sport, however, would be swimming.

[Martin]s that elite-elite. Jordan Anthony is elite-elite. We may have somebody who wants to wrestle, too. Thats a possibility, Harbaugh said.

We feel that the athletic reps that they get when theyre competing in the other sports are really valuable, and we encourage it.

Senior fullback Khalid Hill and sophomore offensive lineman Michael Onwenu were put on notice this offseason that they needed to lose weight before the start of training camp. Hill was listed at 263 pounds and Onwenu 350 pounds on last seasons roster. Offensive coordinator/offensive line coach Tim Drevno mentioned in April that Onwenu was up to372 pounds.

Harbaugh said Friday that each is getting to their weight goals (which are being kept in-house) but theyre not there yet.

As a coach youd like to see it happen faster but I think they understand now that things have amped up, Harbaugh said.

There could be some roster subtractionsby the time camp begins on July 31 but Harbaugh isnt ready to what those possible attritions would be.

Its been my experience that those usually happen right before [camp], Harbaugh said. They usually happen, historically, the day before winter conditioning starts and the day before training camp starts. I usually sit at my desk by my phone and wait for it to ring.

5:01 p.m.: Michigans 1-day elite camp has officially closed, and Jim Harbaugh has bid the campers farewell. But before he left, he gave them some advice:

Avoid the fun stuff! Harbaugh said. If something looks fun, dont do it. Say no. For every three nos, say one yes.

Watch more here:

3:29 p.m.: Get a closerlook into Michigans 1-Day Elite Camp here:

1:01 p.m.: Theyre about to return from lunch at todays camp; about an hour ago, Michigan passing game coordinator Pep Hamilton offered the campers some good advice:

During the lunch break, several of Michigans current players and incoming freshmen and early enrollees discussed offseason workouts. Josh Metellus, who will play at safety this fall, said his experience playing at the Viper position in the Orange Bowl prepared him for playing safety.

It got me comfortable and showed me that I can play with the best guys in the country, Metellus said.

11:48 a.m.: Among the confirmed campers today is 2019 running back Noah Cain of IMG Academy in Bradenton, Fla. Allen Trieu of Scout.com reported that Cain is making his first visit to Michigan.Camp is about to break for lunch in the next 15 minutes.

11:03 a.m.: Some of Michigans players are coaching at todays camp. Heres offensive lineman Ben Bredeson leading drills.

And heres incoming freshman Cesar Ruiz.

10:24 a.m.: Cant start a camp without warming up. Jim Harbaugh had his bullhorn working as he led players through sprints. Little by little, he was engulfed.

9:16 a.m.: And heres a first look at the inside of Michigan Stadium, where Jim Harbaugh opened the camp.

9:15 a.m.: Heres a first look at the 1-Day Elite Camp attendees, taken about an hour before the start of the camp.

Continue reading here:
LIVE BLOG: Michigan 1-Day Elite camp - Landof10.com

Quick facts:

Death loss from nitrate is an occasional problem in cattle consuming certain annual forages, particularly sorghum hybrids.

Cattle producers should be concerned if rations contain over 5,000 ppm nitrate on a dry matter basis.

Avoid poisoning with good management practices.

A qualitative check called the diphenylamine test can be used to screen forages for potential harm.

High nitrate forages can be used if diluted with other feedstuffs and supplemented with energy.

Brian Kailey Logan County Extension agent

Nitrate toxicity is sometimes a lethal problem for livestock especially during the fall. The amount of nitrate accumulated within the plant depends on two factors: the rate of uptake by the plant from the soil, and the rate the plant reduces it. If uptake exceeds the rate of reduction, large amounts of nitrate can accumulate. If the rate of reduction equals the rate of uptake, there is no accumulation.

Nitrate accumulation usually results from plant stress, such as drought, and is accentuated by excessive soil nitrogen. Most nitrate accumulates in plant stems rather than leaves, and concentration tends to be highest in immature forage. A characteristic symptom of nitrate toxicity in the animal is a chocolate-brown color to the blood.

Use good management practices to avoid poisoning. Fertility programs consistent with plant needs and growing conditions minimize the problem. Test potentially dangerous forage before feeding. Often hay containing excessive nitrate can be fed safely when diluted with other feed, particularly concentrates.

Nitrate accumulation

Nitrate is the primary nutrient form of nitrogen in most soils and is a normal constituent of plants. Normally nitrate is assimilated so rapidly following absorption from soil that its concentration in plant tissues is low. Occasionally, excessive levels in plants occur. In Colorado, the most notorious accumulators of nitrate are the sorghums. Other annuals that less frequently accumulate nitrate are small grains (wheat, oats, rye and barley) and millet.

Some perennial grasses (fescue and johnsongrass) and weeds (pigweed, mustard, kochia, nightshade and lamb's quarters) also can contain dangerous levels. The corn may be safe but weeds harvested with it may be poisonous. Stinging nettle, elderberry, burdock and Canadian thistle are a few of the known nitrate accumulators. In fact, some of these will accumulate nitrate to such a high concentration that they literally explode when burned - nitrate is explosive.

Accumulation usually is triggered by some environmental stress where plant growth is restricted but absorption of nitrate from soil continues. The most common stress of summer annuals is drought. Lack of moisture, together with excessive soil nitrogen for existing growing conditions, is a frequent cause of toxic levels of nitrate in sorghums. Other stress factors that favor buildup are reduced sunlight from cloudiness or shading, frost, certain herbicides including 2,4-D, acid soils, low growing temperatures, and deficiencies of essential nutrients like phosphorus, sulfur and molybdenum.

When more soil nitrogen is present than needed for maximum growth, some plants tend to accumulate nitrate even without environmental stress. This response is particularly true with hardy soil feeders like sorghum, noted for "luxury consumption" of certain nutrients.

When accumulation occurs, the concentration of nitrate is greater in stems than leaves. Seeds seldom contain significant amounts. Rate of uptake diminishes with maturity; mature plants usually contain less nitrate than immature ones. Differences in potential for accumulation exist among species and varieties.

Toxic Levels of Nitrate

The level of nitrate that causes toxicity in ruminants varies depending on rate of intake, diet, acclimation to nitrate and nutritional status. As a rule, forage containing less than 5,000 ppm NO3 on a dry matter basis is safe. Forage containing 5,000 to 10,000 ppm NO3 is considered potentially toxic when provided as the only feed. Forage containing over 10,000 ppm NO3 is considered dangerous but often can be fed safely after proper dilution with other feeds.

Various methods of reporting nitrates in feed are used by laboratories. Use the formulas in Table 1 to convert nitrate reporting to a common basis.

Table 1: Formulas for converting methods of reporting nitrates.

Potassium nitrate:

= Nitrate x 1.6

= Nitrate nitrogen x 7.0

Nitrate:

= Potassium nitrate x 0.6

= Nitrate nitrogen x 4.4

Nitrate nitrogen:

= Potassium nitrate x 0.14

= Nitrate x 0.23

The effects of feed and water levels are additive. Consider both in avoiding or assessing nitrate problems. Common causes of high nitrate levels in water include shallow wells contaminated with surface water, water containing animal wastes, and surface runoff from heavy rain after fertilization with ammonium nitrate. Water containing more than 200 ppm NO3 is potentially toxic, especially when feed also contains an excessive level.

Laboratories report nitrate content of feed and water in different forms. Consider the form for expressing nitrate levels to avoid errors in determining the potential for toxicity. Table 2 should aid in interpreting laboratory results.

Although the term "nitrate toxicity" is commonly used, the toxic principle is actually nitrite. Nitrate is converted to nitrite in the rumen. Nitrite is absorbed from the rumen and converts blood hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Methemoglobin cannot transport oxygen to body tissues, so animals die from oxygen insufficiency.

The first symptom to appear is a grayish to brownish discoloration of nonpigmented skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, eyes and vulva. This discoloration results from the chocolate-brown color of the blood, a distinct characteristic of nitrate toxicity that persists several hours after death. As the syndrome progresses, a staggering gait, rapid pulse, labored breathing and frequent urination develop, followed by collapse, coma and death. Symptoms often occur rapidly, within one-half to four hours after ingestion of a toxic dose. Some animals exhibit symptoms but recover spontaneously and completely. Pregnant animals may abort a few days later.

Treatment of nitrate poisoning with 4 percent methylene blue at the rate of 100 cubic centimeters per 1,000 pounds live weight (intravenously) is effective if administered soon after symptoms appear.

Table 2: Equivalent levels of nitrate.

Potassium nitrate (KNO3)

%

.0326

.815

1.63

*parts per million

Preventing Nitrate Poisoning

Problems with nitrate toxicity can be avoided with proper management of forage and livestock. Nitrate accumulation can be minimized by analyzing soil and using a balanced fertility program consistent with plant needs and moisture conditions. For sorghum hays, split nitrogen into two or three applications, with a maximum of about 50 pounds of actual nitrogen applied per cutting. In situations where tests indicate soil is laden with nitrogen, reduce rates accordingly.

Use of true sudans or sudan-sudan hybrids instead of sorghum-sudan or sorgo-sudan hybrids may be warranted to reduce potential for accumulating nitrate. Usually the potential for problems is only reduced, not eliminated. Do not ignore differences in yield, quality, drought tolerance and insect and disease resistance.

Take extra care when moisture stress occurs in sorghums before harvest or grazing. Test samples of plants from different areas of the field, particularly those showing the most stress, for nitrate content. If the level is dangerous, delay harvest until rain comes and the plant increases in maturity. Occasionally forage that is questionable as hay can be grazed safely when forage is abundant, because animals tend to select leaves and refuse stalks. Silage also may be a good alternative since appreciable reduction in nitrate levels occurs during ensiling. Forages that are high in nitrate will normally lose 40 to 60 percent of their nitrate content during fermentation.

Testing for Nitrates

Avoid poisoning by routinely testing any forage pasture, hay or silage suspected of containing excessive nitrate. A qualitative check called the diphenylamine test can be used to screen forages for potential harm. Positive results indicate more than 5,000 ppm NO3 and possible danger.

If results of the diphenylamine test are positive, send forage samples to a laboratory for quantitative analysis.

When forage is collected for analysis, it is essential that representative samples be taken. Although samples often are pooled for other laboratory analyses like moisture and protein, nitrate tests often are required on individual bales or from specific areas of a field to accurately assess the potential for toxicity. To illustrate this point, an evaluation of 15 large round bales of sorghum hybrid hay from one cutting showed considerable variation from bale to bale, with nitrate levels ranging from 17,500 to 39,000 ppm.

Diphenylamine Test

This is a qualitative test to evaluate forages (hay, pasture, silage) for nitrate levels that are potentially dangerous to ruminants.

1. Prepare the test solution by mixing 0.5 grams diphenylamine with 20 milliliters of distilled water, then bringing the total to 100 milliliters with concentrated sulfuric acid. Caution: The solution contains a strong acid. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Store in a cool dark place. Do not add water or any other material to the solution.

2. Carefully place a drop of the solution at various locations on the inner tissue of the plant stem; repeat for several stems in each sample.

3. If an intense blue color appears in a few seconds, the forage contains potentially dangerous levels of nitrate.

4. If the results are positive (blue color), send the forage to a laboratory for quantitative analysis before feeding.

5. Occasionally, false positive reactions occur. However, any sample resulting in a positive reaction should be tested in the laboratory.

6. Avoid contaminating the solution in the bottle with plant tissue or other material. Discard any solution that is not clear.

Feeding High Nitrate Forages

In most instances, hay high in nitrate can be fed safely with adequate laboratory testing and good management. The best alternative is to dilute dangerous forage with feeds low in nitrate, preferably concentrates. Unfortunately for many producers, proper dilution makes it necessary to grind and mix. Gradual acclimation to questionable feed is a good practice to minimize risk. Animals should be healthy, on a good nutrition plane, and filled with low nitrate feed before they are allowed access to nitrate-containing forage. With respect to supplementary rations, those containing urea result in less toxicity than soybean meal, and the presence of readily available carbohydrate (corn, sugar, etc.) offers a considerable degree of protection. This may be due to lower pH in the rumen that facilitates reduction of nitrate.

Nitrates have been reported to increase the need for vitamin A in the ration. Recent information indicates that a relationship of this kind may not be of practical importance under most feeding conditions. Formulate rations to be adequate in vitamin A as well as other nutrients. Excessive vitamin A fortification does not appear to be needed.

Hay, straw or fodder suspected of being high in nitrate should not be fed when damp. Damp feed seems to be more toxic. The probable explanation is that some of the nitrate is converted to the more toxic nitrite before being consumed.

Chemical Formulas

NO3- = nitrate ion

NO2- = nitrite ion

NH3 = ammonia

NH4+ = ammonium cation

Summary

Nitrate poisoning can be a serious problem for livestock producers if not considered in their management plan. Drought, excessive soil nitrogen, shade, frost, certain herbicides, acid soils, low growing temperatures and nutrient deficiencies can contribute to high nitrate levels in plants. Stems usually have higher nitrate content than leaves. Do not overlook the nitrate content of water when a nitrate problem arises. Avoid poisoning by routinely testing any forage suspected of containing excessive nitrate. High nitrate forages can be used by diluting it with other feedstuffs and supplementing it with energy.

*J.C. Whittier, Colorado State University professor, department of animal sciences. 9/92. Revised 6/11.

Read more:
Nitrate poisoning - Journal Advocate

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The revenge body may be doing more harm than good. Getty/Alberto E. Rodriguez

Breakups are tough. When we're wronged or feel rejected by an ex, many people may try to improve themselves, while others strive to get their former partner back. Sometimes, they might try to do both at the same time by aiming for a "revenge body."

A "revenge body" refers to when a person loses weight after a breakup as a way to make their ex jealous whether intentionally or not. The term is generally seen as a positive act of self-improvement or a way to "get over" your former significant other.

And while it's been used to describe everyone from Jennifer Aniston to Janet Jackson, most recently Khloe Kardashian has embraced the term. She shed some weight after her split with Lamar Odom and suddenly that's all people could talk about. Kardashian's body and Odom's betrayal were directly linked it even spawned the E! show "Revenge Body with Khloe Kardashian."

On the show, people who go through breakups or hardship are challenged to lose weight quickly to enact a sort of "revenge" against the person who had wronged them. People took to it so much that it's been renewed for season two. Kardashian took the term "revenge body" that was being thrown at her by tabloids and branded it to be about empowerment.

Body-positive activists take issue with the term for many reasons, health coach Beth Clayton told INSIDER, including the idea that your body or any physical factors can be altered in such a way to manipulate someone into wanting to be with you again.

"If you are changing your body for someone else, you are the one that loses in the end because you are still letting that person dictate your life and your body and you are doing it for their approval," body positive coach Michelle Elman told INSIDER. "So what happens when you don't get it? Despite the person being it for whatever reason, they remain the focus of your life and it also sends the implicit message that the reason they should've stayed with you is for your appearance, which I believe should never be the sole reason you are with someone."

A "revenge body" instills an idea that the person who left the relationship wouldn't have if the other person had just been smaller or more traditionally "attractive." It makes weight and physical appearance a scapegoat for the problems in a relationship, implying that your fat or larger self was inherently flawed and that weight loss has made you better.

"Whenever we are using our bodies as a currency for love or validation, or to prove our own worth to ourselves, we are playing a game that will never end with our winning," health coach Beth Clayton told INSIDER. "We are making decisions out of fear of not being enough rather than genuine desire to be loving toward our bodies and ourselves."

If you want to get healthy, do it for you.ND300/Shutterstock

Breakups or other traumatic experiences that people emerge from with "revenge bodies" are extremely stressful life events. Stress can make people lose weight in an unhealthy way and even signal the presence of a mental illness. Weight loss is not always a positive thing, and assuming that it is can have dire effects on someone's physical and/or mental health.

Even if you mean it as a compliment, commenting on someone's weight if they have an eating disorder can be a huge trigger. If you praise someone for losing weight but they've lost it because they've been too depressed to eat, that may trigger them to go another day without food in an effort to get even more exterior validation.

Obviously, not all weight loss is bad. Kardashian was public about how she found an escape and a type of therapy in going to the gym and the weight loss started to follow from there. Other people develop better eating habits out of a relationship because they're not cooking for two or they're less busy. But it's important to keep why you're doing it in mind, not just the how.

"I think stereotypically when you are in a relationship you have less time than when you are single so it's understandable to not only have more time for workouts but to use the gym to get out negative feelings around the breakup," Elaman told me. "But to twist that motivation into 'revenge' is what's the problem and to associate working out with simply appearance based results."

If you're looking to get healthier and weight loss happens to be a factor in that, then great! There is nothing saying that can't be a part of your healing after a breakup. But comparing yourself to an ex's new fling or the people on "Revenge Body" (which has been criticized for showing an unrealistic portrayal of weight loss) is not a healthy way to go about it.

And using the term to describe someone else's body can have even worse consequences.

So the next time you feel the need to praise someone on their "revenge body," think twice about using that term. Try a compliment that gives them ownership of their own body like "you look so radiant/happy/strong" instead.

Or better yet, just keep your mouth shut unless they ask for your opinion.

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Excerpt from:
Why people like Khloe Kardashian need to stop talking about the term 'revenge body' - INSIDER