Most diets seem to succeed in the short-term, and fail in the long-term. This is not a new, or even particularly controversial, observation among researchers:

There are two indisputable facts regarding dietary treatment of obesity. The first is that virtually all programs appear to be able to demonstrate moderate success in promoting at least some short-term weight loss. The second is that there is virtually no evidence that clinically significant weight loss can be maintained over the long-term by the vast majority of people.

Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity, Garner & Wooley, 1991

Although weight loss can usually be achieved through dietary restriction and/or increased physical activity, the overwhelming majority of people regain the weight that they have lost over the long-term.

The Defence of Body Weight: A physiological basis for weight regain after weight loss, Sumithran & Proietto, 2013

Of course, we can all endorse the call for a healthier lifestyle, but we must be realistic about what it can and cannot accomplish including that it is not by itself an effective approach to long-term obesity treatment.

An Inconvenient Truth about Obesity, Schwartz, 2012

More in-depth analysis of the failure rate of dieting can wait for another post. The question Im asking here is, if diets fail for some proportion of people, which they indisputably do, why is that? What is the reason? What are the specific mechanisms at work?

The usual assumption among non-researchers about why diets fail is that when a dieter regains weight, it must be because they stopped dieting, which is in turn attributed to things like not having enough willpower, personal and moral failure, gluttony and laziness, or being too ignorant to know better.

These are assumptions which reflect the mythology of our culture: that anyone, if they try hard enough, can be anything they want and therefore that weight is entirely a choice, a product of effort and moral character. This story centres the individual, their behaviour, their character traits, and their moral attributes as the cause of fatness in the first place, and the reason why weight is regained following a diet.

But these explanations are not satisfactory to me, nor, as you will see, are they reflected in the scientific literature.

To explore other answers, I haphazardly gathered peer-reviewed articles, spanning a range of more than 30 years, that investigated or discussed the various reasons why weight loss produced by dieting is not maintained long-term.

Here is what they theorize about why diets fail.

1. Behavioural relapse, a.k.a. going off the diet

The earlier papers on the failure of dieting focused on behavioural factors, since dieting was, at the time, a relatively new and exciting behavioural intervention for obesity. (By the mid-20th century, dieting as a popular pastime was not new, but as a subject of medical research, it was still fairly novel.) Researchers assumed that when someone could not sustain weight loss, it mustve been due to a breakdown in their new behaviours people must have gone back to eating more and moving less, just as is popularly assumed.

However, the researchers tended not to lean so heavily on moral explanations for this relapse. One study suggested that the fault lay with lack of scholarly attention to the maintenance phase of behavioural change in designing weight loss plans. This was further complicated by the fact that no one can avoid eating entirely, which makes dieting quite different from other behavioural interventions like smoking cessation programs and abstinence from alcohol.

Alongside this were proposed cultural and commercial pressures to eat, especially calorie-rich and highly palatable foods. There also appeared to be few natural rewards provided by dieting once the intervention phase ended apparently nothing, not even thinness, feels as good as food tastes.

The researchers were not very optimistic about the usefulness of dieting if it only resulted in regaining weight. An illuminating quote from the conclusion of one paper:

Research on humans suggests that the deleterious effects of obesity are exerted primarily during periods of weight gainIts medical consequences may be unfortunate enough that if people cannot maintain weight loss, they would be better off not trying to lose weight!

Behavior Modification in the Treatment of Obesity: The problem of maintaining weight loss, Stunkard & Penick, 1979

Another paper suggested that culprits for the breakdown of dieting behaviours were negative moods, emotional stress, social pressures to eat more, as well feelings of intense hunger that prompted overeating. But an interesting quote from this same article hints of more than purely behavioural factors:

The obvious reason for weight regain after weight loss treatment is that participants return to inappropriate eating and exercise habits. These habits need not be as bad as pretreatment habits to cause regain, because metabolic factors may make it easier to regain after a period of dietary restrictionThe pattern of relapse and regain appears to be the result of a war between the will and physiologic demands over which self-control appears relatively powerless.

Why Treatments for Obesity Dont Last, Goodrick & Foreyt, 1991

So even in cases where behavioural relapse were implicated, researchers seemed to acknowledge that other factors contributed to that relapse (like stress, biological and cultural pressures to eat, and increased hunger), or to the weight regain itself (metabolic changes.)

2. Lowered energy expenditure

Reduced calorie intake and weight loss, it turns out, cause some interesting changes to the body that result in expending fewer calories. In animal studies, changes include decreased body temperature, less spontaneous activity, and lowered resting metabolic rate (the amount of energy the body uses while at rest.)

Reduced total energy expenditure and, possibly, lowered resting metabolic rate after diet-induced weight loss have also been observed in humans. (Conversely, humans who gain weight above their baseline weight through eating have been observed to have an increased resting metabolic rate.)

A person who gains weight would be expected to expend more energy just due to their increased body mass, thus requiring more energy to physically move and biologically maintain it. The same, but in reverse, is true for someone who loses weight less energy is required to maintain a smaller body.

But the changes in energy expenditure resulting from dieting have been described as disproportionate, meaning that they were greater than the changes expected for the amount of weight gain or loss, indicating that some compensatory mechanism meant to restore preferred weight may exist.

In other words, a person who lost weight to reach 150 lbs. may expend fewer calories just existing than someone who has always weighed 150 lbs. And someone who purposely gained weight to reach 150 lbs. may use more calories to maintain their weight than the person who has always weighed 150 lbs.

However, other studies of weight loss in humans have not demonstrated the effect of lowered resting metabolic rate, which leaves the question open.

A nod to weight diversity from the last study linked:

Body weight in adults is remarkably stable for long periods of time. In the Framingham Study the body weight of the average adult increased by only 10 percent over a 20-year period. Such a fine balance is evidence of the presence of regulatory systems for body weight. Whatever the mechanism (or mechanisms), the weight at which regulation occurs differs from one person to another, and these differences are almost certainly due in part to genetic and developmental influences.

Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting from Altered Body Weight, Leibel, Rosenbaum, and Hirsch, 1995

3. Fat storage and insulin sensitivity

Another physiological change produced by weight loss is increased insulin sensitivity. This is generally considered a good thing, but it may also leave people vulnerable to weight regain. We may need to go back to a little high school biology to cover this one adequately.

Insulin is a hormone that the pancreas releases into your bloodstream. Insulins main life goal is to act like a key that allows glucose, also flowing through your bloodstream, into your cells, which then use the glucose for energy.

When a persons cells become resistant to insulin, the glucose cant get into the cells it then builds up in the blood, eventually causing high blood sugar. Meanwhile, the cells switch to using fat for fuel.

With weight loss, cells become more sensitive to insulin, which allows glucose to enter the cell once more. Those cells use that glucose, and the fat that would otherwise be used for energy is directed back into storage, which may spell weight gain.

Experimental research in humans has indeed demonstrated that increased insulin sensitivity following weight loss from dieting predicts the amount of weight the person will eventually regain. The researchers are careful to point out that increased insulin sensitivity, alone, is not enough to cause weight regain, but in combination with lowered energy expenditure (see above) and increased food intake (see below), it certainly helps.

From this same paper:

Following weight reduction, there is a 95% failure rate for obese individuals to stay weight-reduced more than 4 years (5). After obese subjects undergo weight reduction, metabolism shifts to favor weight regainThese metabolic phenomena result in the shunting of lipid fuels away from oxidation in muscle to storage in adipose tissue, and in the setting of positive energy balance, increases in body weight and percent body fat occur.

Weight Regain Following Sustained Weight Reduction is Predicted by Relative Insulin Sensitivity, Yost, Jensen, and Eckel, 1995

4. Increased appetite

During and after weight loss, levels of several hormones involved in appetite regulation change significantly.

Hormones that promote feelings of fullness and inhibit food intake (including leptin, peptide YY, GLP-1, cholecystokinin, and amylin) are decreased with weight loss. Meanwhile, ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates hunger, is increased, along with reported food preoccupation and appetite.

Again, these responses may indicate the existence of a regulatory mechanism intended to restore preferred body weight:

Taken together, these findings indicate that in obese persons who have lost weight, multiple compensatory mechanisms [encourage] weight gainFurthermore, the activation of this coordinated response in people who remain obese after weight loss supports the view that there is an elevated body-weight set point in obese persons and that efforts to reduce weight below this point are vigorously resisted.

Long-Term Persistence of Hormonal Adaptations to Weight Loss, Sumithran et al., 2011

In addition to feeling hungrier, weight-reduced people show a stronger preference for high-calorie (high sugar and high fat) foods. There are also changes in brain activity patterns indicating that weight-reduced people are more responsive to food rewards, while brain areas associated with controlling ones food intake are less active.

The hypothalamus, a part of the brain that may act as a brake on the homeostatic tendency toward weight gain, shows decreased activity in people who have lost weight, which affects both food foraging behaviour and metabolism to favour eating more and regaining weight.

5. Genetic predisposition to gain weight

It has long been understood that body weight has a significant genetic component.

Research in pairs of identical twins shows that there is also a significant genetic component to weight loss, including how much and what type of fat is lost, and the rate of fat burning relative to use of glucose for energy.

On the other side of the coin, population studies of twins have shown an association between dieting attempts and subsequent weight gain, which probably reflects a pre-existing tendency to gain weight that is powerful enough to counteract weight loss attempts.

From that study:

The poor success in weight maintenance after dieting predisposes individuals to the vicious cycle of frequent dieting attempts and weight regain. The relation between weight cycling and subsequent weight gain is well described in the literature. Part of the weight gain occurring in young adults may be regarded as physiologic, and is likely to occur independently of attempts to lose weight.

Weight-loss attempts and risk of major weight gain: a prospective study in Finnish adults, Korkeila et al., 1999

Another study using twin data indicates that some of the weight gain may also be due to dieting itself, independent of genetics.

As you can see, moral explanations for weight regain leave a lot to be desired. They reflect lazy thinking. A persons drive to eat, combined with their tendency to regain lost weight, is clearly more dependent on physiology than on moral corruption, or even simple ignorance.

Biology drives behaviour. It also primes the body to most efficiently exploit that behaviour. What is often interpreted as weakness of will and greediness by our culture is actually the result of a complex orchestration of genetic, homeostatic, metabolic, hormonal, and neurological processes influencing us to eat, restore lost weight, and ultimately survive.

And a final quote:

metabolic conditions after weight loss may not be the same as they were prior to gaining the weight in the first place. Instead of working in our favor to prevent weight gain, biology becomes one of the driving pressures that underlie weight regain.

Biologys response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain, MacLean et al., 2011

If youve ever regained weight after a diet, you are in very good company. Most dieters regain the weight. You are not lazy, stupid, or greedy. You did not fail on the contrary, your body worked hard to save you.

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Why Diets Dont Work - The Fat Nutritionist

We don't often think about what the word "diet" really means. For most, it conjures up thoughts of the measures people take to lose weight. It's also a term used by food manufacturers to indicate that something is supposedly healthy or has less of some seemingly undesirable ingredient--usually fat, sugar, or total calories. But the word "diet" itself simply refers to what you eat. We always hear people say they're "going on" diets, but your diet is what you eat day-to-day.

Studies have shown that working with a Registered Dietitian can increase your chances of losing weight and keeping it off. Sign-up with a FitDay Dietitian today!

Long Term Success

The main problem with diets is that many simply don't work long-term. People often find that they can't stick with a diet for a long period of time. This is likely due to the fact that many diets aren't realistic, are too restrictive, too costly, too complicated, or too inconvenient to maintain. Additionally, we're hard-wired to like foods that are high in fat and carbohydrates. Simply put: our taste buds and our brains enjoy fat and sugar.

Not Feeling Full

Fat in food slows down stomach emptying, which helps increase the feelings of fullness and satiety after a meal. Many popular diets are too low in fat, leaving you hungry soon after eating. These extremely-low-fat diets don't work because you eventually overeat to compensate. On the other hand, some diets advocate going very low-carbohydrate. Again, these diets usually aren't successful because our bodies need a certain amount of carbohydrates to function properly. Diets that are too low in carbohydrates leave you feeling fatigued and moody. This happens because carbohydrates are the body's preferred form of fuel needed for immediate energy (particularly for the nervous system). Additionally, carbohydrates stimulate the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which helps boost mood.

Calorie Count

Another reason some diets don't work is due to the fact that they're way too low in calories. Your body needs a certain number of calories each day just to maintain normal metabolic functioning. Your lungs, brain, heart, muscles, digestive system, nervous system and cardiovascular system all require calories to work properly. If you drastically cut calories--as people often do when they diet--your body thinks it's starving and it downregulates how many calories it needs at rest because it's trying to conserve energy. Also, when you lose weight as a result of severely cutting calories, you're likely losing lean muscle mass rather than fat. Because muscle burns more calories at rest, your body wants to rid itself of that and hold onto fat for energy. Then, as soon as you return to your old eating habits, the weight quickly piles back on.

We need to reconsider the way we think about food. Rather than thinking about temporarily going on some hot new diet to shed excess weight or achieve some other aspect of wellness, we should be thinking about making achievable, realistic changes that we can sustain for a lifetime.

Kari Hartel, RD, LD is a Registered, Licensed Dietitian and freelance writer based out of St. Louis, MO. Kari is passionate about nutrition education and the prevention of chronic disease through a healthy diet and active lifestyle. Kari holds a Bachelor of Science in Dietetics from Southeast Missouri State University and is committed to helping people lead healthy lives. She completed a yearlong dietetic internship at OSF St. Francis Medical Center in Peoria, IL, where she worked with a multitude of clients and patients with complicated diagnoses. She planned, marketed, and implemented nutrition education programs and cooking demonstrations for the general public as well as for special populations, including patients with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and school-aged children. If you would be interested in working with Kari one-on-one, sign-up for FitDay Dietitians.

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Why Diets Don't Work / Nutrition - FitDay

Brain: How are we going to get the earth to lose weight? Pinky: I know! We can get everyone to go on a diet! Brain: Diets dont work, Pinky. Pinky: Not even if you call them a whole new way of eating? Brain: No.

Since its apparently Picking on My Heroes Week*, Ill point you to the comments thread on this post at Feministing. The post itself, reporting on a recent study that (*cough* like a zillion others *cough*) concluded dieting does not lead to long-term weight loss or health gains, is great. And I probably shouldnt even pick on the commenters, since at least when its a bunch of liberals, no ones going down the Obese people cost society money! path. (Yet.) But still, its even more frustrating to see the usual shit here, not just on a liberal site but a feminist** site, than it is to see it, you know everywhere else in the fucking world.

Said usual shit can be summed up thusly: Diets dont work, but Fill in the blank with any of the followingor make up your own!

Gosh, theres so much conflicting information here! However to synthesize it? Do you suppose theres, like, a single element common to all those statements?

Ooh! Ooh! I see it! DIETS DONT WORK.

What do I win?

The thing that causes so much confusion (to put it charitably) here is that diets do work, actuallyin the short term. All diets, from cabbage soup to Weight Watchers, will cause people to lose weight. At first. But after five years, all diets have the same result: the vast majority of people who lost weight at first gained it back.

This is what people mean when they say, Diets dont work, without adding a but Diets do not lead to permanent weight loss for the vast majority of people. A slightly more efficient way of saying that is, Diets dont work. But boy, people come out in droves to argue that one.

When I posted the Mastiff/Pug before and after shots the other day, I totally slayed myself when I remembered to add Results not typical under the pug. If youve ever looked at a commercial weight loss programs literature, youve seen that phrase under every picture of a triumphant former fatty showing off her new self. Translation: Hi! To indemnify ourselves against the worlds largest class action suit, we want to make sure youre aware that our product does not work for most people! Now look back up at that picture! Dont you want to look like her? Buy our product!

Its easy to ignore that pesky little point about the product not working, because hey, Im not typical, either! Ive got the resolve! Ill be the one in the ad.

Fun fact: I have been asked by Jenny Craig staff if they could send my before and after photos to Corporate to see about making me the one in the ad on two separate occasions, years apart. Im actually not typical! Except Two different befores, two different afters. Ill leave you to sort out what that means.

Nobody from Weight Watchers ever asked me, because I just used their online tools and never spoke to a human being about my weight loss, but if Id been interacting with WW staff, I strongly suspect I would have been approached about doing ads there, too. I was not typical three times on two programs! I am the fucking queen of not typical!

Five years after the latest after, I look very like the befores again. Huh.

And okay, can we talk about how Weight Watchers is not a diet, but a lifestyle change? (Which, my god, must be the most brilliant marketing meme in history). Can we talk about lifestyle changes in general?

Heres the big secret, which I have absolutely no scientific evidence to support but would nevertheless bet every cent I have, both my dogs, and my firstborn on: at least 95% of people who insist that lifestyle changes work (and who are not in the business of selling weight-loss products) are less than five years out from the beginning of a lifestyle change.

Better known, as they will see by the end of five years, as a diet.

As anyone who knew me between 1995 and 2002ish, but especially my sisters, can attest, I was fucking insufferable with my endless proselytizing about lifestyle changes. If Id been more internet-savvy at the time, I totally would have been polluting every conceivable message board with my endless rambling about how easy it is, really, once you get used to itonce youve made that lifestyle change! About how much better it feels to be thin! About how Ive taken control of my eating, my life, my destiny! About how Im never, ever, ever going back!

And boy, would I feel like an asshole now. Specifically, a fat asshole.

Diets do not lead to permanent weight loss for the vast majority of people. Not even if you call them a whole new way of eating. Or a lifestyle change. If your lifestyle change involves putting restrictions on your food intake, you will almost certainly be fat again in five years.

Every study that looks at dieters five years down the line results in this conclusion. Thats why most studies dont. Huge kudos to the UCLA researchers both for following up and stating that conclusion in no uncertain terms.

Well, except for the one who the Reuters article reports is now planning to study whether exercise is the key factor leading to sustained weight loss. Should be an interesting study, seeing as it will necessarily involve finding a large number of people who have achieved sustained weight loss.

My prediction: that study will conclude their secret is a daily dose of powdered unicorn horn.

*I should note here that the Shakesville issue has been completely resolved for me via respectful discussion. What a friggin concept.

**Because feminism is so totally about telling groups of people, women in particular, that their decisions about their own bodies are both wrong and everybody elses business.

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Diets Dont Work, But | Shapely Prose

--Elayne Boosler

I am a great believer in fad diets, particuarly free fad diets, although the more popular fad diets have been given a bad press lately.

The most famous pioneer of the fad diet craze, Doctor Robert Atkins died in April 2003. He was reported to have weighed a rather hefty 255lbs at the time of his death. His high protein, low carbohydrate diet made the doctor a household name, although many experts are horrified that his diet promotes that two thirds of all calories consumed are derived from fat.

Other fad diets have also come under attack, critics claim the diets do not provide our bodies with the necessary vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates or proteins that we need to function at an optimal level. I disagree!

I am also a big fan of detox diets, and have included some of my favorite detox cleansing diets.

I lost over 40lbs in just six months following fad diets, I did not stick to one diet but would chop and change, as some of them are rather limiting on the taste buds if you attempt to follow them for long periods of time.

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Find a Free Fad Diet to work for you

Can what you eat help attention, focus, or hyperactivity? There's no clear scientific evidence that ADHD is caused by diet or nutritional problems. But certain foods may play at least some role in affecting symptoms in a small group of people, research suggests.

So are there certain things you shouldn't eat if you have the condition? Or if your child has it, should you change what he eats?

The symptoms of ADHD include inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that are inappropriate for age.

There are three different types of ADHD. Combined ADHD (the most common type) includes all of the symptoms. Inattentive ADHD is marked by impaired attention and concentration and hyperactive-impulsive type is marked by hyperactivity without inattentiveness.

To help recognize ADHD, understand that some symptoms that cause impairment must be present before age seven years and some impairment from the symptoms must be present in more than one setting (like home and school or home and work).

2008 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.

Here are answers to questions about elimination diets, supplements, and foods that may help symptoms of the disorder.

It may include the foods you eat and any nutritional supplements you may take. Ideally, your eating habits would help the brain work better and lessen symptoms, such as restlessness or lack of focus. You may hear about these choices that you could focus on:

Overall nutrition: The assumption is that some foods you eat may make your symptoms better or worse. You might also not be eating some things that could help make symptoms better.

Supplementation diet: With this plan you add vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients. The idea is that it could help you make up for not getting enough of these through what you eat. Supporters of these diets think that if you dont get enough of certain nutrients, it may add to your symptoms.

Elimination diets: These involve not eating foods or ingredients that you think might be triggering certain behaviors or making your symptoms worse.

ADHD diets haven't been researched a lot. Data is limited and results are mixed. Many health experts, though, think that what you eat and drink may play a role in helping symptoms.

One expert, Richard Sogn, MD, says that whatever is good for the brain is likely to be good for ADHD. You may want to eat:

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ADHD Diet for Children and Adults: Do Elimination Diets Work?

Back in high school, after day one of a grueling two-day state wrestling tournament, I stepped on the scale, exhausted. It showed I had gained seven pounds since morning weigh-ins. Almost all of this was water weight I had gained by following my ill-informed diet for wrestlers. Making weight that first day had been extremely challenging, and I knew doing it a second day in a row would be even more difficult.

My weight maintenance leading up to the tournament was lackluster, and it came back to bite me.

Cutting weight can leave a wrestler drained and dispassionate about the sport. That's why it's important to plan ahead and cut intelligently. Follow these five tips to trim the few pounds you need and give yourself a chance to dominate on the mat.

The earlier you start your cut, the better you will feel during matches. Trying to cut 15 pounds two days before a match will leave you slow and lethargic when you hit the mat. If you start to get down to weight a week or more before a match, you will feel much better on the day of the contest.

When your body goes without fuel for long periods of time, muscle mass inevitably decreases. Help your body maintain muscle mass by refueling after workouts with fast-digesting protein. The best options are whey protein shakes, chocolate milk and yogurt.

One week before you need to make weight, cut sodium from your diet. Sodium causes the body to retain excess water, which makes you heavier but not stronger.

That was not written in error. Obviously, you will have to cut water out as you get closer to the weigh-in. However, in the weeks leading up to a weigh-in, increase your water consumption. It will keep hunger away by distracting your stomach, and it will prepare your body to dump water when you start cutting.

So many wrestlers miss out on this, thinking that once they start to cut weight, they have to eliminate eating entirely. You need energy to cut weight. A small high-carbohydrate bar can give you energy while you cut weight.

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Diet for Wrestlers: 5 Tips to Lose Weight Safely | STACK

What is The Zone diet?

The Zone diet came from the best-selling diet book Enter The Zone, that was all the rage in the 1990s especially in the US. Jennifer Aniston and Demi Moore were reportedly fans of the diet. The Zone is a place where we find ourselves "feeling alert, refreshed and full of energy," according to author Barry Sears. He and the books co-author Bill Lawren maintain that life in The Zone is what wellness is all about.

Like other popular diet books, "Enter The Zone" offers more than just weight-loss claims. By retuning your metabolism with a diet that is 30% protein, 30% fat and 40% carbohydrates, The Zone diet contends that you can expect to turn back encroaching heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes. Another much-touted advantage is better athletic performance. Sears doesn't come right out and claim he has found the cure for heart disease or diabetes, or how to win Olympic medals, but instead he provides glowing anecdotes from people who have taken The Zone diet to heart.

What The Zone diet does boldly claim is that much of the current thinking about good nutrition - a diet high in carbohydrates, and low in protein and fats - is wrong. What's more, Sears contends, that type of diet has contributed to our risk of developing serious, even life-threatening ailments such as heart disease, diabetes and possibly cancer. His book, "The Anti-Inflammation Zone", takes a closer look at disease and how his diet combats the inflammation he says is an underlying factor behind the development of serious illness as well as weight gain.

As a former scientist, Sears devotes considerable time to discussion of the science on which he based his theory. Put simply, The Zone diet is a " metabolic state in which the body works at peak efficiency," and that state is created by eating a set ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat.

The Zone diet does not recommend that you eat fewer calories than you're currently consuming, just different ones. Although the book has a more complicated and exacting measurement of what to eat, it can be simplified as:

Dairy products are not forbidden, but The Zone diet devotes little time to them, except to explain how quickly they release glucose. Sears prefers egg whites and egg substitutes to whole eggs, and low-fat or no-fat cheeses and milk.

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Zone diet plan: Will 40-30-30 help you lose weight?

TRY TO FEED 3 VEGETABLE SERVINGS PER DAY. BE SURE ONE IS SOME TYPE OF LEAFY GREEN. PLEASE, NO MORE THAN 1 SERVING OF ANY GIVEN VEGETABLE!!

A variety is necessary in order to obtain the necessary nutrients, with one each day that contains Vitamin A. Add one vegetable to the diet at a time. Eliminate if it causes soft stools or diarrhea.

Limit fruits to 1-2 tablespoons per 2 lbs. of body weight (none if dieting) from the list below of high fiber fruits. USE FRUIT ONLY ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK. Sugary fruits such as bananas and grapes should be used only sparingly. Guineas have a sweet tooth and if left to their own devices will devour sugary foods to the exclusion of healthful ones.

This is an excellent site for vitamin content of vegetables: http://www.guineapigcages.com/food/Veggie-and-Fruit-Charts.pdf

Absolutely NO Chocolate (Poisonous!!!), cookies, crackers, breakfast cereals, bread, pasta, yogurt drops or other "human treats." There is research to suggest these items may contribute to fatal cases of enterotoxaemia, a toxic overgrowth of "bad" bacteria in the intestinal tract.

Large, unlimited amounts of fresh hay should be offered daily. Young guineas should be introduced to hay as soon as they can eat on their own. Mixed grass (e.g., orchard grass) or Timothy hay is preferred because it is lower in calories and calcium than alfalfa. It is also higher in fiber.

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Guinea Pig Care and Diet - Metropolitan Guinea Pig Rescue

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Extreme Diet Pills | how to lose weight quick