16-02-2012 22:54 Author Rebecca Regnier of Your Twitter Diet discusses how the diet works.

Read the original post:
Your Twitter Diet - Video

Diet pop may benefit the waistline, but a new study suggests that people who drink it every day have a heightened risk of heart attack and stroke.

The study, which followed almost 2,600 older adults for a decade, found that those who drank diet pop every day were 44 per cent more likely than non-drinkers to suffer a heart attack or stroke.

The findings, reported in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, don't prove that the sugar-free drinks are actually to blame.

There may be other things about diet-pop lovers that explain the connection, researchers say.

"What we saw was an association," said lead researcher Hannah Gardener, of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. "These people may tend to have more unhealthy habits."

She and her colleagues tried to account for that, Gardener told Reuters Health.

Daily diet-pop drinkers did tend to be heavier and more often have heart risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes and unhealthy cholesterol levels.

That all suggests that people who were trying to shed pounds or manage existing health problems often opted for a diet pop over the sugar-laden variety.

But even after the researchers factored in those differences -- along with people's reported diet and exercise habits -- they found that daily diet pop was linked to a 44-per cent higher chance of heart attack or stroke.

Nevertheless, Gardener said, it's impossible for a study to capture all the variables that could be at work.

The findings do build on a few recent studies that also found diet-pop drinkers are more likely to have certain cardiovascular risk factors, like high blood pressure or high blood sugar.

This is the first study, Gardener said, to look at actual "vascular events" -- that is, heart attacks, strokes and deaths from cardiovascular causes.

The findings are based on 2,564 New York City adults who were 69 years old, on average, at the outset. Over the next decade, 591 men and women had a heart attack, stroke or died of cardiovascular causes.

That included 31 per cent of the 163 people who were daily diet-pop drinkers at the study's start. In contrast, 22 per cent of people who rarely or never drank diet pop went on to have a heart attack or stroke.

There was no increased risk linked to less-than-daily consumption. Nor was regular pop tied to heart attacks and strokes.

If diet pop, itself, somehow contributes to health risks, it's not clear how, Gardener said.

There's research in rats suggesting that artificial sweeteners can end up boosting food intake and weight. But whether results in rodents translate to humans is unknown.

"I don't think people should change their behavior based on this study," Gardener said. "And I wouldn't advocate drinking regular pop instead."

Regular pop is high in calories, and for people who need to shed pounds, experts often suggest swapping regular pop for the diet version.

A study out this month found that the advice may be sound. Obese people who were randomly assigned to drink water or diet drinks in place of sugary ones lost about five pounds over six months.

Gardener said that further studies such as hers are still needed to confirm a connection between diet pop and cardiovascular trouble.

Ultimately, she noted, clinical trials are considered the "gold standard" for proving cause-and-effect. That would mean randomly assigning people to drink diet pop or not, and then following them over time to see if there were differences in their rates of heart problems or stroke.

A study like that, Gardener said, would be "difficult and costly" -- since it would have to follow large groups of people over many years, and rely on people to stick with their assigned beverages.

SOURCE: Journal of General Internal Medicine, online January 27, 2012.

© Copyright (c) Reuters

View original post here:
Diet pop tied to heart attack, stroke risks: Study

??]is7??l? ?IYv-??$[?E??'??Y???J????5?3????????")YN??MJ? ??????<?*2a?L????x?u?U?KOD??g?}??H????Nb?wVhu?#b?LO:*??8?Y?????b??-v{&???T?#"??t?<?+o_?fZU7?J??Lgifr??[??L?e?,?????P??9?f???'c? ??J"=?)?ÿ?c??}???Uc{?;?i?h?w?~u??w?M ?{d?:S2m?:?u???'?"7? Mbu?2?2 U?J?Sa?"?D?<??????ja??.???D??I?y? ???@{?J???J??Mne#?p?/?5??$R?bb??,??&]fz:?U?K?"????"??a????Q?Y"?V? "y?d>?KK??P?????+25-b??? ?)?Y??)5?3!sj?SE ??#??????|&s1????h)&R??f*T`????%??)??B?*??b2bcmM_???:?L*32??(D?4????=??H?$r????:?6?$???q,*?Y??e?HL??3stq{????A2?Jr{n?oPl??m? X?l????????M?????NT???Cp?V?s2,???Hc9-?&QA>?YDL8??L?2?=?? ?|?:gK?1hrl?|U??????Nu(?E?? ??T?V??`p}??`??X?p<??A??x??1XB?g????[?I?{??3q;??s$??"?Y1 ???Pb??IdrB¶75c??Lm?=?;??N??D2?M?U??:?|g?! >?'??-?(?l,???ob????*?'3=?@? ?!?]?#???$?F5"??$?F?k??&?,n4???? .????.oV????<??8h?`ogw?s?{???;????w?B????f??vi???lk?: ?F?g??p????P????????????????}?,??????4S??l?R?? q? 2K???LF:"6?xc???C1??6??xB"???????wH?i`?SD?[0?z$?D????h??m?`2????az??w????"??2??NO?'2?G??+???4??DL?$$?s????J|??v??%??-kC???j,2??P????5????eh????e??>­?=?$ y9&gp???R???.?F??UD?;(?os?2??? $???t?E?|??D?-'???e<?TPE?P}q??G??4@XF?=n?=Q??2??s?Y?A/?Z?5???|v? ??7]??qY????*k?j?q????)??I???L!???$_ ?ZL??=dq??????Z?8?? ?"?f?W?? ?~?}??9tE??R??B=xI_.?k?H????7???9??????Z5?"????3?Y??Y?S?????o?l=d/? W?6???*?w+b?v????_#?^Õ??U??(??)???.I?e???[?JU?i??[S?(?n?G??????@d?n???b?D?%?2???w0???N?M?l? ?Q?Ge??a?Aj???u?hp.????d?s??:???$??.S*c??1??? ???N?L??3:??hh???P] I????I?~??#i?I???F?u?????"bH????:9Y??ô?%'??Y1?????? ?3jgx?}?z??q{?????3rx????o??~???DGd????l)?y?>? ??/?k?? ??9??S?F$?-V? %??N???q"??Y??Z?U???7# j]?=??V~(???AX??O ??s46ZURU?"uql?|R ??k??W?????l /5?5u??? n?K???88Nd_?%%???6?^?????U??Ni7?I?? Q?I??/?? ?U9pE????5??%????qa?"j5|????_?????U8K.?yo?G??xu?Dp??_9??!Nu??tQ[-0?8F?m??o?]?p???I;?8 ??{kF??XM? ??kS??q??,???yg?+'6????E?KJ?????8A?o5/p+?f? ??6VI?B??6H?q?-?q5c71?eQN5M?)J??aU??X?fY2?d???U??????fc%?f???^???Kucjr??4.?!??Q????????S]?z?N?6=rA ????E!~?b?L|}?1D?????? ??>?I?S???? ??~KJS??j??@?{E?7??GT?2??()Vh??`uD??o???? ??.?:Fg??s????PjD??(QU [1Y??U+mv.??HOd?O?>^??Xy?rwF?] ~?????e?F)?Nd??K?????V?1R???A??$?6???s??

See the article here:
FDA to Reconsider Diet Drug

If you're reading this at breakfast, it's our pleasure to bring you good tidings of great joy: You may eat cake.

Dig in. Have a cookie. Have some chocolate mousse or ice cream.

If that sounds insane, let us turn your attention to a counter-intuitive new study from a team of researchers at Tel Aviv University. They've stumbled onto some earthshaking evidence that suggests adding dessert to a balanced 600-calorie breakfast that includes proteins and carbohydrates can help dieters shed weight and keep it off in the long run.

Here's the skinny:

Researchers split 193 clinically obese, nondiabetic adults into two groups. The groups were assigned nearly identical low-carb diets of 1,400 calories a day for women and 1,600 calories a day for men, similar to the popular Atkins diet. But one group was given a low-carb 300-calorie breakfast and the other was given a 600-calorie breakfast that was high in protein and carbohydrates and always included a dessert.

Weight loss was about equal for the two groups at 16 weeks. But after 32 weeks, those who added a cookie or cake or ice cream to breakfast had lost an average of 40 pounds more than those who ate the lighter, low-carb breakfast, according to the findings published in the journal Steroids.

Shocking, right? How on earth does that work?

We reached the lead researcher in Tel Aviv.

"What you eat for breakfast does not make you fat," said professor Daniela Jakubowicz, part of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine

and the Diabetes Unit at Wolfson Medical Center.

She explained that breakfast provides energy for the day, revs the body's metabolism and aids brain function. What you consume early is fuel. If a low-calorie diet restricts carbohydrates at breakfast, metabolism goes down and the body makes compensatory changes that encourage weight gain if you eat carbohydrates later. And you will, because by lunchtime you'll be super hungry.

"Breakfast increases metabolism and decreases hunger," she said.

And adding the sweet to breakfast reduces the desire to eat the sweet later in the day.

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of happiness, is high in the morning but falls in the afternoon, she said. When you eat chocolate in the afternoon, serotonin increases and has an antidepressive effect; it makes you happier. That ups the likelihood that you'll reach for it the next afternoon when your serotonin levels drop.

That's what happened to the group eating the lower-carb breakfast, those who didn't eat a balanced breakfast with dessert. They craved sweets later in the day, when indulging is worse, and they cheated on their diet.

"When serotonin goes down, you become sad and the chocolate makes you happy," she said. "It's like a vicious cycle."

So we should eat sweets in the morning?

"Chocolate in the morning maintains the serotonin levels during the day, so you don't feel depressed," Jakubowicz said. "When you think of the chocolate you ate in the morning, you don't remember that it made you happy because when you ate it your serotonin level was up. The dependence on the chocolate begins to decrease."

The study shows that the group that ate dessert at breakfast was far more successful at maintaining the diet in the long run.

We ran this by Dr. Denise Edwards, director of the Healthy Weight Clinic at the University of South Florida. She said the study made sense because people often fail at very restrictive diets and engage in "emotional eating," indulging on foods that give pleasure.

The best plan is one that strikes a balance, she said, so don't think you can just eat sweets and lose weight.

Excerpt from:
Hey, dieters, research indicates you should eat dessert with breakfast

Adherence seems to be the hardest part of dieting, but if you can follow through with basic calorie restriction, you will lose the weight.

Strict adherence to eating a certain proportion of carbs, fat, and protein may not be as effective for weight loss as strict adherence to eating fewer calories from all sources, according to a new study that compared four diet regimens.

In the Pounds Lost trial, researchers at Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, set out to study whether the composition of a weight loss diet affected the loss of lean body mass, total body fat, visceral fat, liver, or abdominal fat. Over 400 overweight or obese men and women were randomly assigned to follow one of four diets: average protein, low fat, higher carbs; high protein, low fat, higher carbs; average protein, high fat, lower carbs; or high protein, high fat, lower carbs.

Low fat was defined as 20 percent of calories coming from fat, while the high fat diets derived 40 percent of their calories from fat. High protein diets had 25 percent of calories from protein while low protein diets were defined as 20 percent of calories from protein. Average protein was considered 15 percent of calories from protein.

All of the diets were designed to be low in saturated fat and cholesterol, high in fiber, include low-glycemic carbohydrates, and reduce intake by 750 calories per day. Each participant was offered both group and individual counseling over the two years of the study.

After six months, the people in the study had lost more than nine pounds of total body fat and five pounds of lean body mass on average, but after two years had regained some of this. Comparing all four of the diet groups, there was no difference in fat loss or muscle loss. Neither did the proportion of carbohydrate, fat, or protein affect the amount of abdominal, visceral, or liver fat lost. People were able to maintain a weight loss of nearly nine pounds at the two-year mark, including a nearly three-pound loss of abdominal fat.

According to Dr. George Bray, a researcher who worked on the study, the major predictor for weight loss was adherence. The people who adhered to their assigned diet lost more weight than those who did not.

Adherence was a problem in this study. Many of the study participants did not complete the study, and the diets of those who did stick with it weren't exactly what they were supposed to be. Researchers hoped to see two of the diet groups adhere to the average-protein diet (15 percent) and the other two groups stick with the high-protein diet (25 percent). However, all four groups ate about 20 percent of their calories from protein over the two years of the study.

The take home message from this study is that any "diet" can work if total calories are consistently reduced. People will be more successful at losing weight if they choose a healthy diet plan that is easy for them to adhere to for the long haul, and they stick with it.

A breakdown of the meal plans used for the four diets in this study can be located here.

The study was published online January 18, 2012, in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Image: italianestro/Shutterstock.

This article originally appeared on TheDoctorWillSeeYouNow.com, an Atlantic partner site.

More:
A Calorie Is a Calorie Is a Calorie: All Diets Work if You Stick to Them

U.S. health officials say they still have safety concerns about experimental diet pill Qnexa, from drugmaker Vivus Inc., as the company prepares to make a second attempt to convince experts of the drug's safety next week.

Vivus, based in Mountain View, Calif., is one of three small drugmakers racing to bring the first new prescription weight loss drug to market in more than a decade. In the past two years the Food and Drug Administration has rejected pills from all three: Arena Pharmaceuticals Inc., Orexigen Therapeutics Inc. and Vivus.

All three companies are in the process of resubmitting their products.

The FDA had rejected the diet pill Qnexa in October 2010. Vivus has resubmitted the drug with additional follow-up information, hoping for a more favorable ruling.

But in documents posted online Friday, the FDA reiterated concerns about two safety issues that plagued the pill the time first around: Potential heart problems and birth defects in women who become pregnant while taking the drug.

Final decision on Qnexa in April

On Wednesday the FDA will ask experts at a public meeting to weigh in on those issues, specifically risks of cleft lip defects associated with one of the ingredients in Qnexa. The experts will also discuss increased blood pressure and higher heart rates reported for patients taking the drug.

The panel of doctors will take a final vote on whether the drug appears safe and effective. The group's recommendation is not binding, and the FDA is expected to make its final decision in April.

With U.S. obesity rates nearing 35 percent among adults, doctors and public health officials say new weight-loss therapies are desperately needed. And even a modestly effective drug could have blockbuster potential. But none of the three medicines before the FDA represents a breakthrough in research.

Qnexa is a combination of two older drugs. The amphetamine phentermine, which is approved for short-term weight loss, and topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug sold by Johnson & Johnson as Topamax. Phentermine helps suppress appetite, while topiramate is supposed to make patients feel more satiated.

High weight loss reported in company studies

Many analysts had picked Qnexa as the most promising contender of the new potential diet pills because of the high level of weight loss reported in company studies. On average, patients lost more than 10 per cent of their total body mass.

But at Qnexa's first FDA panel in 2010, experts assembled by the food and drug regulator voted 10-6 to not recommend the drug's approval. Panelists said the drug was associated with a number of dangerous side effects, including suicidal thoughts, heart palpitations, memory lapses and birth defects.

On Wednesday, Vivus will offer to conduct a follow-up study to monitor patients for any heart problems, if Qnexa is approved. Experts will consider whether the company should be required to conduct that study before FDA gives approval. The company will also offer a plan to make sure women who are likely to become pregnant do not use the drug. One of the two ingredients in Qnexa, topirimate, is known to more than double the risk of birth defects.

Qnexa's other ingredient, phentermine, was one half of the dangerous fen-phen combination, a weight loss treatment pushed by doctors that was never approved by the FDA. The regimen was linked to heart-valve damage and lung problems in the late 1990s, and the FDA forced drugmaker Wyeth to withdraw two versions of its drug fenfluramine.

Currently there is just one prescription drug on the market for long-term weight loss: Roche's Xenical, which is not widely used because of modest weight loss results.

Here is the original post:
Diet drug may cause long-term health problems, FDA says

WASHINGTON (AP) — Federal health officials say they still have safety concerns about an experimental diet pill from drugmaker Vivus Inc., as the company prepares to make a second attempt to convince experts of the drug's safety next week.

Vivus, based in Mountain View, Calif., is one of three small drugmakers racing to bring the first new prescription weight loss drug to market in more than a decade. In the past two years the Food and Drug Administration has rejected pills from all three: Arena Pharmaceuticals Inc., Orexigen Therapeutics Inc. and Vivus. All three companies are in the process of resubmitting their products.

The FDA had rejected the diet pill Qnexa in October 2010. Vivus has resubmitted the drug with additional follow-up information, hoping for a more favorable ruling.

But in documents posted online Friday, the FDA reiterated concerns about two safety issues that plagued the pill the time first around: Potential heart problems and birth defects in women who become pregnant while taking the drug.

On Wednesday the FDA will ask experts at a public meeting to weigh in on those issues, specifically risks of cleft lip defects associated with one of the ingredients in Qnexa. The experts will also discuss increased blood pressure and higher heart rates reported for patients taking the drug.

The panel of doctors will take a final vote on whether the drug appears safe and effective. The group's recommendation is not binding, and the FDA is expected to make its final decision in April.

With U.S. obesity rates nearing 35 percent among adults, doctors and public health officials say new weight-loss therapies are desperately needed. And even a modestly effective drug could have blockbuster potential. But none of the three medicines before the FDA represents a breakthrough in research.

Qnexa is a combination of two older drugs. The amphetamine phentermine, which is approved for short-term weight loss, and topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug sold by Johnson & Johnson as Topamax. Phentermine helps suppress appetite, while topiramate is supposed to make patients feel more satiated.

Many analysts had picked Qnexa as the most promising contender of the new potential diet pills because of the high level of weight loss reported in company studies. On average, patients lost more than 10 percent of their total body mass.

But at Qnexa's first FDA panel in 2010, experts assembled by the food and drug regulator voted 10-6 to not recommend the drug's approval. Panelists said the drug was associated with a number of dangerous side effects, including suicidal thoughts, heart palpitations, memory lapses and birth defects.

On Wednesday Vivus will offer to conduct a follow-up study to monitor patients for any heart problems, if Qnexa is approved. Experts will consider whether the company should be required to conduct that study before FDA gives approval. The company will also offer a plan to make sure women who are likely to become pregnant do not use the drug. One of the two ingredients in Qnexa, topirimate, is known to more than double the risk of birth defects.

Qnexa's other ingredient, phentermine, was one half of the dangerous fen-phen combination, a weight loss treatment pushed by doctors that was never approved by the FDA. The regimen was linked to heart-valve damage and lung problems in the late 1990s, and the FDA forced drugmaker Wyeth to withdraw two versions of its drug fenfluramine.

Currently there is just one prescription drug on the market for long-term weight loss: Roche's Xenical, which is not widely used because of modest weight loss results.

Read more from the original source:
FDA raises safety concerns for Vivus diet pill