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Determining Cause of Weight Loss in Horses – TheHorse.com

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Weight loss in horses is a common, frustrating, and expensive struggle horse owners and practitioners face. It occurs when the body uses more energy than its taking in, which can happen for a variety of reasons.

In her presentation at the 2019 Annual American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, held Dec. 7-11 in Denver, Yvette Nout-Lomas, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, ACVECC, assistant professor of equine internal medicine at Colorado State Universitys Veterinary Teaching Hospital, provided veterinary attendees with an outline for pinpointing and addressing causes of weight loss in horses.

Weight loss typically occurs for one of six reasons:

Horses might not ingest available nutrients if they lack appetite, have inadequate prehension (ability to grasp food), or have abnormal mastication (chewing), swallowing, or esophageal transit. Heart failure, asthma, and liver disease can all result in decreased nutrient delivery to peripheral tissues. Gastrointestinal dysfunction (gastric ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, parasitism), liver disease, and toxicities can lead to abnormal digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. Even conditions that dont directly affect nutrient availability can result in weight loss. Horses that are in pain and suffering various disease states, for instance, might have an increased rate of protein and energy use and loss, resulting in greater-than-expected calorie needs.

First, said Nout-Lomas, determine the horses use and age, as these factors are important when assessing his diet. Certain age groups are at greater risk than others for certain conditions, such as dental and musculoskeletal disease in aged horses. Evaluate the horses diet to determine whether the owner is providing an appropriate feed in a suitable amount.

The key is to determine whether the horse is receiving adequate calories, said Nout-Lomas. She uses the equation to calculate energy requirements for adult horses at maintenance and multiplies by a factor of 1 to 3 to estimate the calories needed for those in work.

A 500-kilogram (1,100-pound) horse at maintenance requires about 16.4 Mcals of digestible energy a day. To meet these needs, his should consume about 20 pounds of grass hay (at about 0.8 Mcals per pound) per day. Horses should ideally consume 2-3% of their body weight per day as forage, which in this case would equal 10 to 15 kilograms, or 22 to 33 pounds. Therefore, a horse fed 2-3% of his body weight per day as quality forage shouldnt be suffering weight loss as a result of inadequate calorie provision.

However, said Nout-Lomas, it is important to verify that the horse is, indeed, consuming this amount of feed. For example, in a group situation is it possible hes being chased off feed or has soundness issues that make it more difficult to access the feed being provided? Can he consume the feed, or is chewing or swallowing an issue?

The veterinarian should then conduct a thorough physical examination, paying particular attention to temperature, pulse, and respiration and noting any abnormal heart or lung sounds, said Nout-Lomas. He or she should assess the horses muscling as well as overall body condition score and look for the presence of dependent edema (lower limb swelling). The vet should also note whether the horse has diarrhea and consider performing bloodwork.

The results of these initial investigations will guide what ancillary diagnostics the veterinarian performs. For example, a horse with an elevated respiratory rate and abnormal lung sounds should warrant further respiratory tract investigation. The veterinarian might collect fecal samples to assess fiber length and conduct a fecal egg count to determine worm burden. He or she can pass a nasogastric tube to easily assess swallowing and whether an esophageal stricture might be limiting food from reaching the stomach.

Many additional diagnostics exist at varying levels of invasiveness and cost. Nout-Lomas encouraged clinicians to consider all possible mechanisms of weight loss and to base ancillary testing on signalment (age, breed, gender), history, and examination findings. She shared that in a retrospective study of horses presenting for weight loss, 93% did receive a diagnosis. Most were suffering from parasitism (30%) and dental disorders (20%). Digestive causes and those resulting from kidney and liver diseases were far less common.

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Determining Cause of Weight Loss in Horses - TheHorse.com

Ticketing CEO Aims To Inspire Others With Weight Loss Journey – TicketNews

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Losing weight is never easy. Whether youre trying to drop that stubborn ten pounds, or simply want to tone up and live healthier without focusing on the scale, sticking to the task comes with its fair share of difficulties. But one industry insider has tackled his lifestyle choices head on, leading to dramatic results and a drive to inspire others to accomplish their own health goals.

Steve Stone, President and CEO of 518 Tix Corp, lost 103 pounds in the last year and is not done yet. He shared the story of his weight loss journey with industry connections noting that when it comes health and wellness, theres no goal that cannot be reached with enough effort and perseverance. Stone, a New York native, achieved his fitness goals by first walking on his own and later dedicating himself to his local gym at JCC Rockland.

In January of 2019, I was working with my basketball team. I could not last more than five minutes on the court without having to take a break, he shared. I got in my car and said Enough is enough! I immediately went to Dicks Sporting Goods and bought a treadmill. I went for a walk on the treadmill. I lasted three minutes.

Stone then turned to personal training at the JCC Rockland, where he had been a member for nearly 20 years but spent many of them working out on and off.

His 74-year-old trainer proved extremely instrumental in helping Stone achieve his goals and the pair were working out every other day doing a variety of routines. This quickly evolved into Stone transforming his diet as while and in a few months time, he had lost weight but still had to keep his health in check.

In June of 2019, I went for my annual checkup. Thank God I started losing weight. My doctor told me I have Type 2 Diabetes. Of course, I was petrified at first, but after listening to the doctor and reading about Type 2 Diabetes, I approached this condition in the same manner I approached losing weight: Head on!

My next goal is to get my A1C down to a manageable number. With Gods help and me staying focused, I am sure good things will happen. Before I started this journey, my weight was 320 pounds. Today, I am proud to say that I lost 103 pounds over the last year. I can walk a few miles or coach back-to-back practices with my teams with ease. My next goal is to get down to 200 pounds and tone-up my body.

Stone has his sights set on carrying out his ongoing fitness goals, while also serving as a reminder to others everywhere that nothing is impossible.

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Photo credit: LocalFitness.com.au

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Ticketing CEO Aims To Inspire Others With Weight Loss Journey - TicketNews

7 Incredible Celebrity Weight Loss Stories That Compactly Changed Their Appearances – Foreign Policy 2018

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Celebrities live under constant public scrutiny and every change in their looks is immediately noticed and cataloged. That means that even the slightest weight gain puts them under fire. Some of them go in the opposite direction, trying to lose some weight. Here are some of their transformation stories.

Rebel Wilson has had enough with her weight. In an Instagram post, she made the following announcement: Okay so for me 2020 is going to be called The Year of Health so I put on the athleisure and went out for a walk, deliberately hydrating on the couch right now and trying to avoid the sugar and junk food which is going to be hard after the holidays Ive just had but Im going to do it! Whos with me in making some positive changes this year? Her plan seems to be working, judging by the recent photos shared by her trainer.

Jillian Michaels was not always the amazingly-looking fitness and health guru we know today. She recently shared a picture of her, captioned: Heres me at 50 tall and 175 lbs. If I can do it anyone can.

The chubby Jonah Hill we know from the start of his career a few years ago is no more. Today, the actor looks much slimmer and he seems to be enjoying his new body.

Adeles look has been a subject of many Internet jokes, almost all of them in bad taste. Still, she also knew that she had to make some changes and she did. Her transformation was inspired by her desire to be the best mom possible. According to the pictures of her from a vacation in Anguilla, she is well on her way of achieving one of the most impressive look changes we have seen.

Christina Aguilera always had trouble keeping her weight under control, even at the beginning of her career. After she gave birth to her son in 2008, things only changed for the worse. However, when she appeared at the American Music Awards in 2013, people were amazed at her appearance. She has finally managed to shed all that baby weight and she looked incredible. She said that the recipe for her weight loss was: Laughter, happiness, breathing and I did some yoga.

The fat kid from Remember the Titans is no more. Instead, we have a chiseled athlete and actor posing in tight t-shirts in the gym. On the photo that shocked his fans, he said: This may be my favorite moment of the year in the gym because its empty. 2020 goal: all the abs. What are yours?

Khloe Kardashian was never the thinnest in her family. She was often criticized for it, having been born in the family of models. Her divorce with Lamar Odom, a basketball player, prompted her to start working out and eating healthier. By 2015, she looked incredible. Her transformation was an inspiration to millions of her fans. She jumped at the opportunity to create a business opportunity by making a show about weight loss, calling it Revenge Body. Her methods did draw some criticism, but the results speak for themselves.

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7 Incredible Celebrity Weight Loss Stories That Compactly Changed Their Appearances - Foreign Policy 2018

Noom vs. Weight Watchers: Cost and more compared – CNET

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

New Year's resolution time has come and gone, but reaching fitness and wellness goals is a year-round effort. Almost everything lives on our phones now, and a quick internet search will bring up a few dozen apps that aim to help if you want to lose weight, get healthier or focus on fitness. Before you download anything, it's important to do some research about what you're signing up for.

One traditional weight-loss program is Weight Watchers. After almost 60 years, the program made the digital transition and rebranded itself as WW in 2018, putting more of a focus on health and wellness than dieting, at least when it comes to its marketing. Another app that has surfaced over the last couple years is Noom, which has called itself "Weight Watchers for millennials."

While there are other apps you can use to track your diet and exercise -- including some free apps that may be built into your phone, such as Samsung Health or Apple Health -- if you're considering WW or Noom for your dieting and fitness goals, here's what you need to know.

WW has been around for decades. The program assigns points to foods and recipes, and sets a certain amount of points for your day based on your height, weight and weight loss goals, instead of having you count calories. You can search for foods or scan bar codes in the WW app -- much easier than tracking by hand, as you had to in the past.

You'll track breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks every day, with weeks tracked Monday through Sunday. You have daily points to use (a number that resets each morning). You also get extra weekly points to use, which gives you some wiggle room to go over your daily amount. You can also log exercise and activity (the app can sync with your Fitbit) and weight changes, try out WW recipes and look up WW-friendly restaurants.

WW now offers three different plans to choose from: Blue (the traditional WW plan, which gives you a number of daily points plus certain zero-point foods such as fruits, veggies, lean proteins and eggs), Purple (gives you fewer daily points but more zero-point foods, including whole grains) and Green (gives you more daily points but fewer zero-point foods).

While there are zero-point foods in every plan, that doesn't mean those foods have zero calories, or that you should only eat those foods. Instead, the goal is to train you to make healthier food choices.

What I liked about Weight Watchers was that it didn't feel like a diet (I know, how many times have we heard that?). But it's not restrictive -- it's sustainable, and it's about making better choices. It doesn't mean you can't have ice cream, just less ice cream, or choose frozen yogurt instead. I found the program to be easy to follow and effective when I committed to it.

In terms of cost, you can sign up to use the app only for about $17 per month. Try the app plus workshops (strategies and support from experts and members) for about $38 per month. You can also subscribe to the app plus personal coaching for $51 per month. This means WW-certified coaches and guides are available to you online or in studios (if one is located in your area) when you need extra help. WW lets you try the app for the first month free, so if it doesn't feel right to you, you can cancel.

I found that sometimes it's hard to stick to WW, especially on the weekends. Meal planning is key. The more you put into the program, the more results you'll see. I also find it encouraging to look in the forums on the app to see real people's weight loss milestones, everyday accomplishments and struggles, tips, tricks and so on. It makes you feel less alone on your own journey.

You may have seen ads for Noom show up on social media, touting itself as "a smarter way to lose weight," but not a diet. The service, which has been around for just over 10 years, focuses on consistency and accountability. These are two things that can make or break health and fitness goals.

When you sign up for Noom, you're assigned a coach, who'll message you every few days to check in on your progress. Sometimes the comments felt vague, almost like it was an automated message, but some messages were more specific to what I had written to the coach. One nice feature is that you can set up the app to be aware of when you might be close to "falling off the wagon." For example, I set up my warning signs to be that I didn't open the app that day, which signaled the coach to check in with me.

Similarly to in WW, you track your day's food in terms of breakfast, a morning snack, lunch, an afternoon snack, dinner and an evening snack. You can set the time when you usually eat breakfast, and Noom will calculate the best times for you to eat your other meals based on how to maximize fullness and improve your metabolism. You'll get notifications subsequently. You're given a daily checklist with specific articles to read and quizzes about health, food, fitness and nutrition. You can save recipes, articles and the like to refer back to later.

Unlike WW, with its points system, Noom counts calories. I felt a little cautious when the app assigned me 1,200 calories for a day, as I'm 5-foot-9. When I used the built-in fitness app on my old Samsung phone, I was given 1,600 calories per day.

Noom sorts foods into red, yellow and green. Red foods are more processed, yellows tend to be meats and dairy and green foods are fruits, veggies, etc. The app wants you to eat more "nutrient-dense" foods, which means those with fewer calories that are more filling.

Noom is pricier than WW: It costs $45 per month, but you get all of the features mentioned above for your dollar.

When it comes to choosing between WW and Noom, think about which program would work best for you and your lifestyle. Scientific studies back up both programs: A 2016 study published in Scientific Reports examined nearly 36,000 Noom users, and found that the app drove sustained weight loss in 78% of people across a nine-month period. A 2011 study published in the Lancet medical journal found that overweight patients told by their doctors to do WW lost around twice as much weight as people receiving standard weight loss care over 12 months.

Researching both apps before you get started is important. In addition, it's important to take inventory of yourself, taking into consideration why you want to lose weight. One of the things I liked about Noom is that it asked me why I was using the app. When I entered the answer, it asked why again. Another answer was met with another why. This let me examine myself and my motives more deeply. I recommend doing this even if you don't use Noom.

I used WW first, and then tried Noom, and it was a bit of a jarring experience to go from having zero-point foods to counting calories again. It's important to remember that you can't live on zero-point foods alone, but not all calories are bad. Noom also wanted me to weigh myself everyday, while WW only prompts you to weigh in once per week. I understood on some level that this was to establish habits and so you can see how weight naturally fluctuates, but as someone who has had an unhealthy relationship with a scale in the past, it wasn't the best practice for me personally. It's easy to obsess over the slightest weight change that really doesn't mean anything besides water or the fact that you're wearing jeans.

I've done WW on and off for the past several months, but I only tried out Noom for about a week. I wasn't as keen about the price of Noom and the low number of calories it recommended for someone my height. In addition, an article by a registered dietician about Noom raised a few questions for me.

Again, it comes down to what program you feel most comfortable with. Don't be afraid to try both since there are free trials, and if you don't feel comfortable with something, discontinue it or consult a doctor. WW has been around longer, but Noom has a lot of promise. It went beyond "Eat this, don't eat this" and incorporated an educational element for sustaining healthy habits. It's a bit more expensive, but includes more features. However, I found WW more forgiving and easier to follow.

Now playing: Watch this: Track your food and drink intake with tech

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Originally published earlier this year. Updated periodically with new information.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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Noom vs. Weight Watchers: Cost and more compared - CNET

What Happens to Your Body When You Lose 20 Stone – Men’s health UK

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Before losing the weight, I didnt have a life, says Dibsy McClintock. I just existed. I couldnt fit in a car, I couldnt use public transport, I couldnt get in the bath I couldnt even tie my own shoelaces.

Dibsy had always been big, but it was only in his mid-twenties that the problem became more urgent. In late 2018, he was hospitalised due to atrial fibrillation, a heart condition. At 40st, his weight made surgery too much of a risk If they put me to sleep, I wouldnt have woken up and he was issued an ultimatum: lose the 10st required to perform the procedure, or dont expect to be around much longer.

Thats when he met Mike Hind (above, pictured left), a PT specialising in body transformations and owner of a local meal-prep company. Mike agreed to take him on, providing his food and training free of charge. He could barely walk, Mike recalls of their first meeting. We had a chat and his mum just broke down. It was heart-wrenching. I said, Ill do this, but you need to give me 100%. Dibsys goal? To lose 20 stone in a year.

Dibsy had consulted with NHS dietitians and personal trainers without success. As Mike puts it, Nobody had worked out the root cause: he was addicted to food.

At first, Dibsy says he struggled with the exercise and dramatic drop in calories: Id get aches and pains. It was absolutely brutal. But he persevered, and the weight started to fall away. As it did, he and Mike set targets unrelated to the scales: climbing Ben Nevis, completing the Great North Run.

As impressive as these feats are, many of Dibsys biggest milestones were considerably less Instagram-worthy. Getting into a car with a seat belt Id never been able to do that before! he says.

Late last year, Dibsy hit his 20st target after 358 days, one week ahead of schedule. My family doesnt have to worry about me any more, he says. Acknowledging the changing nuances of body image and obesity rates is a positive step. However, in which direction that step takes us is still far from clear.

The statistics make for heavy reading. In the most recent annual figures, 711,000 hospital admissions were directly linked to obesity; of these, obesity was the primary diagnosis in 10,660 cases. The NHS spends 8.8bn per year (16,000 per minute, or 9% of its budget) on treating type 2 diabetes a disease with established links to weight gain. Aside from smoking, obesity is the UKs biggest cause of cancer, and a BMI of 35 or above has been shown to reduce life expectancy by an average of eight years. To bring these figures into context, consider that more than six in 10 adults (and more than a third of children aged 10-11) in the UK are overweight or obese.

When you examine the impact of this on our overloaded health services, it may even make you angry. But where you direct that anger is important. In an interview with the BBC, Nick Finer, honorary clinical professor at University College London, agreed that many still believe that its legitimate to blame people for being overweight, but argues that condemnation ignores the role of our food environment.

If somebody falls off a boat and they cant swim and they drown, nobody says, Its your fault, he said. They happen to be in an environment where its very easy to drown. Were in an environment now where its very easy to over-acquire calories. Being fat feels almost inevitable in some cases. And so emerges the body positivity movement, a backlash against this blame game and fat shaming.

A spokesman for the National Obesity Forum perhaps put it best when he said, Fat shaming is a disaster. Multiple studies corroborate the fact that feelings of shame and guilt tend to lead to poorer self-care as a result of worsening mental health, and thus make further weight gain more likely. As actor and comedian James Corden, no stranger to size jibes himself, recently said on air: If making fun of fat people made them lose weight, Id have a six-pack by now. A different approach is required one championed by the National Obesity Forum in which people with obesity can be provided with the facts in no uncertain terms, but without moralising or judgement.

I have no interest in aesthetics, other than as a side effect of weight loss, says Dr Eric Asher, a GP and medical director at Third Space in London. To him, weight loss is far from a dirty phrase in the battle against obesity. Its an imperative. The more fat you accumulate centrally, the more you raise the chemical somatomedin, also called IGF-1. That turns on everything you dont want, he says. If you name a 20th-century disease, this will activate it tumours, heart attacks, thrombosis, immune diseases. According to Dr Asher, the most effective tool for measuring your risk of multiple diseases is a piece of string. Wrap it around your waist at the belly button, he says. Take the length, double it, and if that ends over your head, you have two choices lose weight or grow taller.

You dont need a visible six-pack to enjoy the health benefits of weight loss, however. Small steps earn exceptional rewards. For every half stone you lose, the effect is the same as that of taking one hypertension tablet, says Asher. Measurable shifts will already be occurring in your blood pressure. Your blood sugar levels will start to re-regulate. Youll also feel better and move better. Its like taking bricks out of a rucksack.

Arguably those best placed to appreciate the nuances of this discussion are those who are already working towards a healthier lifestyle and a healthier bodyweight. Pontificating from the two extreme sides of the argument risks drowning out these voices. To understand the issue better, we reached out to our readers and interviewed a range of men who had lost anything from 4st to 20st.

The responses we received were diverse equal parts heartening and heartbreaking. Their reasons for becoming overweight in the first place varied: some had gained weight as they recovered from injuries or surgery, while others had struggled with obesity since early childhood. Many had experienced periods of poor mental health. Others preferred to explain their rationale more bluntly: Food made me happy at the time, said one interviewee.

Their motivations for deciding to change their circumstances werent all the same, either, though most were driven by a complicated mixture of poor self-confidence, concern for their health, a yearning to enjoy life more fully, fear of judgement from others and a desire to change for the good of their families. One man lost weight so that he could donate his kidney to his mother.

Most of the men felt proud of their achievements. A few were waiting to reach their target weight before allowing themselves to take true satisfaction in their accomplishments. One interviewee told us that changing his habits for the better was the thing I am most proud of achieving in my life.

Clearly not all of these stories end with unfaltering confidence, washboard abs and bulletproof self-esteem. Loose skin and stretch marks were cited as downsides by almost everyone we spoke to, creating a roster of new body hang-ups. Some of our interviewees had tried to fix the problem by putting on muscle mass, though working to grow bigger again once youve put so much effort into getting smaller is fraught with complications, both physiological and psychological.

We believe these are the bodies that should be spearheading the positivity movement, coming as they do with the battle scars of a hard-won fight in some cases, fights to save their own lives. No one should be ashamed of how they look. We should be able to celebrate these men for their achievements without sneering at those who are yet to take their first steps on the same journey.

What we need for the obesity epidemic is a movement similar to the one that has been belatedly embraced for mental health. Where once there was stigma attached to anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder, there is now an emerging compassion and understanding. Even those who arent personally affected are learning how to be empathetic towards those living with these conditions. Crucially, positive action is also taking place alongside the new wave of positive understanding. We can look for ways to manage and reduce anxiety without passing judgement on those who struggle with it. Its the same with obesity. Its possible to accept the nuances of an overweight society while simultaneously supporting efforts for a healthier, happier life. Theres no shame in that.

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What Happens to Your Body When You Lose 20 Stone - Men's health UK

Latest Research Report to uncover key Factors of Global Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market -2024 – News Parents

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

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Global Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market Applications: Men, Women

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Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market by Region Segmentation: North America Country (United States, Canada)Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)

Primary Objectives of the Global Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market Report:1) To analyze target consumers and their preferences.2) To determine potential opportunities, challenges, obstacles, and threats in the global Weight Loss and Obesity Management3) To identify and make suitable business plans according to industry and economic shifts.4) To assess market rivalry and obtain maximum competitive advantages.5) To mitigate risks and hurdles to drive informed business decisions.

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Latest Research Report to uncover key Factors of Global Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market -2024 - News Parents

Charlotte Talks: You Can Have Your Cake And Eat It Too! – WFAE

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Tuesday, Feb. 25, 2020

Experts say diets don't work. Not for long-term weight loss, anyway. So why do we keep trying them and supporting the multi-billion-dollar diet industry? We explore a possible solution to escape "diet culture" intuitive eating.

America has a weight problem. We know it and 68% of us have dieted at one point or another.There are so many different approaches: keto, paleo, Atkins, South Beach, Weight Watchers all part of a multi-billion-dollar industry to help us become svelte again.

And lots of people have tried them all. Yes, they lost the weight but keeping it off turned out to be incredibly difficult. Some dieticians believe dieting is the wrong way to go. They suggest "intuitive eating."

One local woman took that approach and lost half her body weight and kept it off for over eight years. We discuss "intuitive eating" and how to evaluate our relationship with food.

Guests

Shelli Johnson, a woman from Lake Wylie, South Carolina. After yo-yo dieting for years, she lost over 160 pounds through intuitive eating. She was featured on the cover of People magazine's Half Their Size issue in January. She wrote a book about her experience, "Start Where You Are Weight Loss."

Elyse Resch, nutrition therapist specializing in intuitive eating, eating disorders, and "health at every size." She is the co-author of "Intuitive Eating: An Anti-Diet Revolutionary Approach," the fourth edition of which is due out June 23.

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Charlotte Talks: You Can Have Your Cake And Eat It Too! - WFAE

How the Mediterranean diet became No. 1 and why that’s a problem – The Conversation CA

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

The Mediterranean diet was voted by a panel of 25 health and nutrition professionals as the best diet for 2020. Characterized by plant-based meals, the diet emphasizes eating less red meat and dairy, and more fish and unsaturated fatty acids like olive oil. Red wine can be enjoyed in moderation.

Even if you are familiar with the Mediterranean diet, you may not know that it involves a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions concerning crops, harvesting, fishing, animal husbandry, conservation, processing, cooking and particularly the sharing and consumption of food, as described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In 2013, UNESCO added the diet to its list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

The Mediterranean area covers portions of Europe, Asia and Africa around the Mediterranean Sea. While many nations share that bio-geography and elements of the diet, only the nations of Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal and Spain sponsored the diets addition to UNESCOs list.

Mediterranean food traditions have deep history, but different ingredients arrived at different times. Olives were first pressed for olive oil sometime before 2,500 years ago. Grapes were likely first enjoyed as wild harvests, but by 6,000 years ago full wine production was underway. Domesticated grains and legumes like wheat and lentils appeared between 9,000 and 10,000 years ago. Fish would have been one of the earliest resources, traded even into non-coastal areas.

In spite of the diets guidelines, various red meats and dairy products also enjoy a long history in the region. Domesticated herd animals such as sheep, goats, cattle and camels arrived on the scene at least 10,000 years ago, and dairying goes back at least 9,000 years in Europe. The prominence of red meat and dairy foods in daily meals may have varied regionally, but both are deeply rooted in Mediterranean history.

But these are just the ingredients. Defining a single Mediterranean diet is tricky business. The Mediterranean region encompasses hundreds of languages and cultures, culinary techniques and styles. The ancient past was equally diverse, with millennia of migration and trade across the region bringing new ingredients and culinary innovations. Ask someone in Lebanon if their food is the same as Spains, or someone in Morocco if their food traditions are identical to those in Greece.

And no one in the Mediterranean would agree that their diet is identical to that of their ancestors. The multinational group that nominated Mediterranean food traditions to UNESCO might agree on the broadest framework, but culturally each region in the Mediterranean is distinct.

We are anthropologists who study biological and cultural aspects of nutrition and past foodways as part of human gastro-heritage. And we are simultaneously excited and concerned about the Mediterranean diet in public health messaging.

Health professionals should focus on food traditions rather than just nutrients, and it worries us when one cultural food tradition is held up as superior to others especially one that has been associated with a history of Western political and cultural imperialism.

Historian Harvey Levenstein writes that the Mediterranean diet was created by physiologist Ancel Keys and his biochemist wife, Margaret Keys. In 1952, the Keys travelled to Italy and Spain and conducted some quasi-experimental surveys of blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diet.

Many epidemiological studies later, the couple promoted the Mediterranean diet in their popular diet book How to Eat Well, later repackaged as How to Eat Well and Stay Well the Mediterranean Way.

In the 1990s, the International Olive Oil Council promoted olive oil as a key ingredient in the diet, and the Harvard School of Public Health built the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

The promotion of the Mediterranean diet is an example of what anthropologist Andrea Wiley calls bio-ethnocentrism. Wileys study of milk argues that although milk has been promoted as a healthy and nutritious food for all, only a segment of the human species predominantly those whose ancestry comes from Europe, where there is a long history of dairying are able to digest the primary sugar in milk (lactose).

Bolstering one regions diet as universally ideal ignores the long evolution of social, biological and environmental human food traditions through the development and conservation of regional and local cuisines. This includes, as found in UNESCOs description of the Mediterranean diet, the production, preparation and consumption of food through human skills, knowledge, and social and cultural practices.

In a globalized world with increasing migration, retaining traditional cuisines may seem meaningless. But in fact, it may be more important than ever. Anthropological research shows that migrants work hard to maintain their traditional cuisines as part of their ethnic identity and to support their health and well-being. When a health-care provider suggests to their patient that they adopt a Mediterranean diet, there are several things that can go wrong. Unless the diet is explained in detail, a patient may have a very different idea of what constitutes the Mediterranean diet. More harmfully, if a patient believes that their own cultural food traditions are bad for their health, they may give those up to adopt a diet seen as medically approved.

A survey of global food shows that the core principles of the Mediterranean diet can be found in the traditional cuisines and food traditions of many people. In Mexico, for example, the combination of corn tortillas and beans accompanied by foods like squash and tomato salsas has yielded complete plant-based proteins that provide a nutritious and sustainable diet. Research on soy-derived and fermented foods found in traditional Chinese cuisines shows they are high in bioactive peptides that can provide protection against disease.

In a world where we are rapidly losing diverse biological and cultural heritage, we should be celebrating the plurality and unique qualities of traditional foods rather than attempting to promote and universalize one regional diet over another. Diverse traditional diets can and should be promoted through public health messaging that is culturally sensitive and inclusive.

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How the Mediterranean diet became No. 1 and why that's a problem - The Conversation CA

How these dudes ditched their beer guts and their dad bods – New York Post

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

These guys went from having dad bods to rocking rad bods.

Coined by a college student in 2015 and embodied by a shirtless Leo DiCaprio (whos not a dad at all) frolicking on a beach with a pint-sized paunch hanging over his board shorts, a dad bod has come to signify the physique of a middle-aged man whos just slightly let himself go.

But for these three fathers, being an average Joe with a dad bod had its drawbacks low energy, bad moods and the feeling that theyre missing out on quality time with their children. I realized I needed to be around for my son, and I wasnt doing a good job taking care of myself, says David Corcoran, a dad whos shed more than 70 pounds.

So, for their kids, their bodies and their mental health, they ditched the doughnuts and lost the weight. Heres how they did it.

Before: 252 poundsAfter: 175 pounds

In the summer of 2017, Corcoran, 35, was on vacation with his wife in North Carolinas Outer Banks when he saw some muscular-looking men walk by. I look like that, right? he asked his wife. Um, sure? she replied.

Corcoran, an accountant at an asset-management firm, says he was going to the gym frequently and lifting weights but didnt have any sort of fitness plan. He really did think his 6-foot-2 frame was muscular like the guys on the beach, albeit a tad less ripped, despite eating his offices catered lunches pasta, sandwiches, pizza Fridays daily with no regrets.

After the summer trip, he got a scale, and was shocked to see he weighed more than 250 pounds.

I started looking at my life. [I was] overweight, on medication for high blood pressure, [had] high cholesterol, a stressful job [and] a history of heart disease in my family, Corcoran recalls.

Corcoran decided to take up running, but didnt make weight loss a real priority until Christmas 2018. Hed lace up his sneakers and hit the pavement for at least 25 to 40 minutes daily, working his way up to 6 miles a day. He also started lifting free weights for at least 30 to 40 minutes a day.

I remember by [spring of] 2019, I had dropped down to 195 pounds, Corcoran says. I was so happy to go to my doctor for my six-month blood-pressure checkup, but my doctor said it was still too high.

Thats when Corcoran decided to take it to a whole different level, he says.

I told my doctor that I was going to run my blood pressure down, Corcoran says. I started doing 10-mile runs. I also completely overhauled my diet.

Corcoran started with some intermittent fasting, skipping breakfast and cutting out sugars and refined carbs. By the fall, he decided to go vegan.

I eat an avocado a day, says Corcoran, either sliced on toast, diced over quinoa, or over Just Egg (a vegan substitute brand). I eat a ton of fruits and veggies. I cut pasta and bread, originally, although I do eat some bread now. I eat two meals a day: basically a big grain bowl with a lot of veggies and a big salad with nuts and beans.

By the end of October 2019, it was time for Corcorans annual physical.

I was ready, Corcoran says. I felt invigorated, like everything was just working better. I felt more alive and more energetic. I had a lot more confidence.

Thats when he got the best medical news of his life: His blood pressure was the lowest it had ever been and his cholesterol was perfect.

My doctor was impressed with my transformation. Im off my medication, he says. Changing my diet changed my life, even more than exercising.

Corcoran has maintained his current weight loss for more than six months and says he is very comfortable with his current lifestyle, which includes quitting booze this past January.

I went through this phase where I was posting a lot of shirtless pics, Corcoran says. Its shocking to have a six-pack for the first time in my life at 35 years old. Its empowering. I feel like I can do anything.

You have the timeI did all of this while also working 60-hour weeks, Corcoran says. The easiest way to find the time is to wake up earlier then you normally would. On weekends, Ill wait for nap time and alternate with my wife. Its easier to make excuses to avoid the gym after work than in the mornings.

Switch it upCorcoran has experimented with a lot of different diets over the course of his journey, such as intermittent fasting, before going vegan in October. Since I switched [to veganism], I feel so good, he says. Not that it hasnt been difficult. My last night of [eating meat] I went to Dinosaur Bar-B-Que and spent like $100 on a last meal.

Before: 250 poundsAfter: 176 pounds

After 12 years in the Army, father of two Jay Dacanay, 43, joined the corporate workforce as an onboarding analyst at a bank downtown and watched his kids and his gut grow and grow.

My weight gain happened over 10 or so years, Dacanay, who is 5-foot-7, tells The Post. Every year, Id gain three pounds and the scale just got higher and higher. Im a traditional dad. Im up early, go into the city for work, and come home and want to spend as much time as possible with my kids. Exercise never really fit into that.

Bagel breakfasts, cookies and cupcakes in the office, sandwiches, and even a whole pizza would be a typical days meals. Hed snack on bread while waiting on line to order macarons at the French bakeries near his office.

I just really love pizza, meatball subs, hero sandwiches, cookies the size of my face, Dacanay says. I would call myself the Filipino Joey Tribbiani. I really thought that since I was never overweight by Army standards and could always, even at my heaviest, bang out 75 pushups without a problem or run 2 miles, that I was OK.

It wasnt until Dacanay was more winded than usual in his familys big Thanksgiving 2017 football game (We have a trophy and everything, he says) that he decided to make a change.

I jumped on the scale the next morning on Black Friday, and was like, Are you kidding me? he says. The scale read 250 pounds.

Dacanay spent the rest of the holiday season doing the typical eat-less, exercise-more diet and by Christmas, he has lost a little more than 10 pounds. Still, it wasnt enough.

I was always mad. I hated my life. [I was] just not happy in my own body, Dacanay says. My kids thought I was mean that Army man who babysat terrorists in Guantanamo Bay after 9/11, but my wife knew better, she knew the real me. She said, Instead of being a jerk, why dont you be the happier guy you were before. You snap at people. Youre snapping at the kids. Thats not cool. And she was right.

Around the new year, Dacanay downloaded an app from Al Kavadlo, a Brooklyn-based bodyweight strength-training and calisthenics expert.

I love it, Dacanay says. You dont need any special equipment. I could work out at home. Pushups, situps, cardio, HIIT [high-intensity interval training], planks. Eventually, I installed a pullup bar; thats the only equipment. I could be at home with my family but still get a workout in.

Next, Dacanay overhauled his diet, changing how and when he eats.

I started learning about intermittent fasting and at first, did a standard 16-hours-fasting, eight-hours-fed program for a while, he says. A few months later, I was walking around with my shirt off all the time.

By the summer of 2018, the regimented eating routine helped Dacanay get down to around 170 pounds. Today, hes maintained that weight loss for a year and a half and is still actively doing intermittent fasting even dabbling with an extreme version of the diet, known as OMAD (one meal a day), although he will allow himself treats like bubble tea with his family. He also tries to work out three to five days a week (a mix of HIIT, power yoga and calisthenics).

But even though his approach seems intense, it was just what this Army vet needed to stay on track.

Every aspect of my life is better now, he says. I have more energy, my mood has improved, my skin has cleared up. I feel like I just added a decade to my life.

Find your whyMy why is my wife and kids, he says. Find a strong why so when your mind goes to a bad decision, you can remember why youre doing it all in the first place.

Reward yourselfI used to be more strict, but Ive found if I stay away from processed foods and refined carbohydrates, I can have a cookie at a kids birthday party and its OK, he says.

Before: 189 poundsAfter: 145 pounds

At 189 pounds, Rocky Parejo was never considered fat. But he was far from fit.

It was all uncomfortable belly fat, Parejo, 40, tells The Post. Gross, weird-looking belly fat. Skinny arms, skinny legs and a huge belly.

He worked as a chef for 17 years, and only cared about flavor, not calories. I had no sense of portion control back then, he says.

A typical breakfast would include three pieces of toast, three eggs, a coffee and even maybe a cookie. Lunch usually happened while at work in the kitchen, where hed snack on chicken, rice and french fries. Dinner was always late like an hour and a half before I went to sleep, he says and would consist of pasta with alfredo sauce or a heavy beef stew. He estimates that hed down about 10 beers a week.

Id eat half a bag of Oreos for dessert, the 5-foot-7 Parejo says. I had an endless stomach ... salty chips and anything with chocolate.

Before long, Parejo was having trouble playing pickup baseball and basketball. But it was the birth of his daughter when he was 38 that gave him the real motivation he needed to create a new life.

I realized I wanted to be able to keep up with my child, Parejo says. Shell be in her 20s, and Ill be in my 60s. I wanted to be there to scare off her future boyfriends.

So Parejo started Googling everything he could on how to lose belly fat. He joined a gym and made simple changes to his diet, such as adding greens to meals hed make one-pot dishes and add loads of greens like kale or Swiss chard. Still, he regretted spending so much time away from his fiance while he was working out.

It felt weird for me, like, Oh, Im going to the gym, babe, you take care of the crying baby, he says.

So, he decided to make health his career. In December 2017, he quit his job cooking at an Italian restaurant, put the $700 fee for fitness certifications on a credit card, and signed up to be a trainer.

Everyone thought I was crazy, starting over completely, Parejo says. But I knew I had the enthusiasm and motivation to do it.

After completing his training, he still felt self-conscious about his mid-section, and was dismayed at being initially rejected for jobs. But after being hired at an F45 location in Toronto, a gym that specializes in cardio and resistance group training, Parejo went to work.

He gets up at 2:30 a.m. and is in the gym by 3:30 to work out at least five times a week without fail, he says a mix of cardio and strength training incorporating high knees, burpees, kettlebell swings, calisthenics, bodyweight exercises and more. Despite sounding insane, his routine is coincidentally on par with Mark Wahlbergs early morning habit, another F45 fan. He eats salads, veggie bowls and, if he eats grains, its always quinoa or couscous, never white bread or pasta. In fact, he cut pretty much all refined carbs out of his diet in August 2019.

Hes managed to keep off 44 pounds for about a year, and his abs are getting more ripped every day.

My wife says that she never thought my body would look like this, Parejo says. She makes a lot of comments about my abs like, Babe, Ive got some clothes to wash, can I use your abs?

Start your day strongParejo starts his day with 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar mixed with 1/4 cup of warm water because, he says, it suppresses his appetite, then dives into a bowl (or thermos) of oatmeal. I eat oatmeal almost every day, Parejo says. Its filled with fiber and it gives me the energy I need.

Stop eating at least three hours before bedThis simple trick really helped to jump-start my weight loss, before I spent any time in the gym at all, he says.

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How these dudes ditched their beer guts and their dad bods - New York Post

Why is nutrition so hard to study? – Medical News Today

Posted: February 24, 2020 at 10:48 pm

Is dairy good or bad for health? Is cholesterol evil? Does red meat kill or cure? Is the ketogenic diet a godsend or a health hazard? Can the vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian, or raw food diet extend disease-free life?

Nutrition is wrapped in multiple confusions. Why is it so hard to determine whether a food is good or bad for health?

In medical science, proving any theory is difficult. The science of nutrition is no different, but it also has some unique challenges. In this feature, we outline just some of these stumbling blocks.

Despite the many issues that nutrition scientists face, understanding which foods benefit or harm health is essential work.

Also, the public is growing increasingly interested in finding ways to boost health through diet. Obesity and diabetes are now highly prevalent, and both have nutritional risk factors. This has sharpened general interest further.

All areas of scientific research face the following issues to a greater or lesser degree, but because nutrition is so high on peoples agenda, the problems appear magnified.

Although the water is muddy and difficult to traverse, there have been substantial victories in the field of nutrition research. For instance, scientists have determined that vitamin C prevents scurvy, that beriberi develops due to a thiamine deficiency, and that vitamin D deficiency causes rickets.

In all of these cases, there is a link between a particular compound and a specific condition. However, the picture is rarely so clear-cut. This is especially true when investigating conditions wherein multiple factors are at play, such as obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, or heart disease.

Also, nutrition-related conditions have changed over time: The most common threats to health used to be deficiencies, whereas in Western countries today, overeating tends to be the primary concern.

Understanding the role of food in health and disease is essential and deserves attention. In this feature, we discuss some of the reasons that nutrition research seems to be so indecisive, difficult, and downright confusing.

In an ideal world, to understand the health impact of a given food goji berries, for instance an experiment would go something like this:

Scientists recruit 10,000 participants (both males and females, from a range of nationalities and ethnicities) and house them in a laboratory for 10 years. The scientists feed each person the exact same diet for the duration of their stay, with one difference: Half of the participants consume goji berries surreptitiously perhaps blended into a mixed fruit smoothie.

Alcohol and tobacco are banned for the duration of the study.

The participants must also exercise for the same amount of time each day; if some people exercised more, they might become healthier, regardless of their goji berry intake. This would skew the data.

Neither the researchers nor the participants are aware of who is receiving the goji berry smoothie; if the participants knew they were receiving a superfood, they might benefit from the placebo effect. This so-called double-blinding is vital when running clinical trials.

During the decade-long study, the scientists monitor the participants health intensively. This might involve running regular blood tests and medical imaging.

Of course, the astronomical cost of this type of study is the very first stumbling block. Also, ethics and good sense say that this is beyond impossible.

Nutritional research has to make some concessions, as the perfect study is unachievable. So, in observational studies, nutrition scientists look for links between what a person consumes and their current or future state of health.

Observational studies can be incredibly useful. Using this method, scientists proved that tobacco causes lung cancer and that exercise is good for us.

However, these studies are far from perfect.

One issue with observational studies is the researchers reliance on self-reported food intake. They ask participants to note down everything they eat for a set amount of time, or to remember what they ate in the past. This could refer to yesterday or months earlier.

However, human recall is far from perfect. Also, some people might purposely miss certain food items, such as their third candy bar of the day. In addition, participants do not always know the exact size of their portions, or the full list of ingredients in restaurant or take-out foods, for instance.

Studies often ask questions about the long-term impact of a nutritional component on health. However, researchers tend to take dietary information at just one or two points in time. In reality, peoples diets can change substantially over the course of a decade.

The issues associated with measuring nutrient intake are so ingrained that some authors have referred to self-reporting as a pseudoscience.

These issues prompted a highly critical study, which appeared in the journal PLOS One, to pull apart data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

The NHANES, which began in the 1960s, is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. Experts use the findings to guide public health policy in the U.S.

The primary method of data collection for the NHANES are 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Researchers use this information to calculate energy intake.

The authors of the critical paper conclude that the ability to estimate population trends in caloric intake and generate empirically supported public policy relevant to diet-health relationships from U.S. nutritional surveillance is extremely limited.

In an opinion piece, lead author Edward Archer pulls no punches, explaining that their paper demonstrated that about 40 years and many millions of dollars of U.S. nutritional surveillance data were fatally flawed. In [] nutrition epidemiology [], these results are commonplace.

Here, we meet the double-edged sword of industry: The PLOS One paper declares that funding for the critical study was provided by an unrestricted research grant from The Coca-Cola Company.

Industry funding certainly does not invalidate the findings of studies, but it should prompt us to wonder what the funder might gain from such research. In this case, a company that produces sugary drinks might benefit from destabilizing peoples faith in the research that has deemed their products unhealthful.

Perhaps this example is a little unusual; more commonly, an industry with a vested interest will fund studies that demonstrate the benefits of a product.

As an example, the California Walnut Commission regularly fund research concluding that walnuts are good for us. Meanwhile, one study supported by the U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council proudly states in its abstract:

[I]t is widely agreed that the regular consumption of tasty, ripe blueberries can be unconditionally recommended.

For more on this topic, read our article on the sugar industry and how it manipulated scientific discourse in its favor.

To reiterate, if a study secures industry funding, it does not mean that people should dismiss the findings out of hand. However, it should provide food for thought.

Another study in the journal PLOS Medicine looked at the impact of industry funding of research into soft drinks, juice, and milk.

The authors conclude, Industry funding of nutrition-related scientific articles may bias conclusions in favor of sponsors products, with potentially significant implications for public health.

To add to the confusion, media outlets tend to amplify these findings. If, for instance, a study funded by a chocolate manufacturer concludes that chocolate extends life, media outlets will faithfully reproduce the conclusions, often without a mention of the funders or a discussion of the studys limitations.

Another issue that seems to plague nutrition research is complexity. Sometimes, a study will focus on the impact of just one specific food item or compound on a health outcome. This is slightly easier to manage.

Often, however, studies will try to investigate the impact of a particular diet. The Mediterranean diet, for instance, has gained a lot of attention over recent years.

The difficulty here is that one persons version of the Mediterranean diet could be very different from another persons version. For instance, one person might have one small glass of red wine, 25 olives, and an artichoke each day, while someone else who may be in the same experimental group of a study might drink no wine and eat neither olives nor artichokes.

A related issue is that of replacement: If someone eats no meat, for instance, they are likely to replace meat with other sources of protein, such as beans or pulses. So, when comparing diets that contain meat with those that do not, any health effects might not be due to the lack of meat but the addition of other foods.

Every type of fruit and vegetable contains a vast array of compounds, and the type and amount of these can vary depending on where they grow, how people transport and store them, and how they process and cook them.

There are so many variables to take into account that even when a study does find a statistically significant result, it is difficult to determine if it actually came from the food under investigation.

Of course, humans are just as diverse as the foods they consume. Eating a single peanut might provide one person with beneficial nutrients, while that same peanut could be fatal for someone with an allergy.

One 2015 study makes the same point but in a more subtle way. The scientists continuously measured 800 participants blood glucose levels and found high variability in the response to identical meals.

The authors explain that this suggests that universal dietary recommendations may have limited utility.

To explain this issue, it may be helpful to describe the findings of an imaginary (but not entirely fanciful) study: People who eat a great deal of spinach live for 5 years longer than people who eat no spinach.

From that result, one might quickly conclude that spinach increases life span. However, before rushing out to stock up, it is worth considering the alternatives.

In this case, the extended life span might not be due to the spinach alone; someone who eats a lot of spinach might also eat a lot of other vegetables. Conversely, someone who eats no spinach might eat fewer vegetables overall.

Also, someone who regularly eats vegetables is possibly more likely to indulge in other healthful pastimes, such as exercise. Someone who never eats spinach might, perhaps, be less inclined to work out.

These are all assumptions, of course, but it is clear that other factors are linked to spinach consumption, and these might influence the results.

In most studies, researchers attempt to control for these variables. However, there is always a risk that some unmeasured factor is significantly altering the findings.

Confounding variables affect all areas of medical science, of course, but because diet and lifestyle are so intimately entwined, they are a particular hazard in nutritional research.

Nutrition is a minefield of confusion. Determining what is healthful and what is not can be a challenge. Although we can be fairly confident that fruits and vegetables are good for us while high fat, high salt, high sugar products are not, there are many gray areas.

One study that brings the confusion in nutritional science into stark relief involves a literature of research associated with 50 ingredients randomly selected from cookbooks. These included pepper, veal, lemon, carrot, lobster, rum, raisin, and mustard.

According to the paper, of these 50 ingredients, 40 were associated with either an increase or a decrease in the risk of cancer. In their conclusion, the study authors write that [m]any single studies highlight implausibly large effects, even though evidence is weak.

So, what can we do? Scientists should keep improving their study methods and adding to what we already know. Consumers, the public at large, and media outlets all need to be more critical.

Overall, there are no quick answers in the world of nutrition. However, because we all need to eat, interest is unlikely to disappear, and science will continue to forge ahead.

See the article here:
Why is nutrition so hard to study? - Medical News Today


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