Applying feed additives in feed may not always work consistently, as the substrates inside any pigs gastro-intestinal tract are different. A novel feed additive having an adaptive enzyme producing capacity, however, has been observed to overcome that.

While intensive, indoor pig production is the most effective and economic way to raise pigs, it is not without its limitations. Maximising feed efficiency, achieving a consistent growth rate and controlling and preventing diseases are common challenges that can be difficult to overcome within the standard grower-finisher pig production model.

Historically, producers have used antibiotics as a cost effective tool to reduce the impact of disease and environmental pathogens on growth. However, government-mandated withdrawal of in-feed antibiotics in some countries and mounting consumer pressures in others have left producers searching for alternatives.

Disappointing results from past trials have made many producers sceptical of feed additives outside of phytase. However, researchers found that providing more digestible amino acids to the small intestine, the site of greatest absorption, can provide pigs with the tools to simultaneously support immune function and optimise growth. Emerging research has identified an enzyme/probiotic combination, Syncra SWI, that consistently improves amino acid digestibility, thereby improving growth and reducing feed costs.

By combining enzymes with probiotics, improved and consistent growth performance can be achieved with pigs. Photo: Dr Maria Walsh

The solution combines a protease enzyme and a multi-strain Bacillus species probiotic (a direct-fed-microbial; DFM). It consistently delivers digestibility largely due to the probiotics agile enzyme producing capacity that adapts to different feed ingredients.

As a live and responsive organism, the multi-strain probiotic can adapt its enzyme production profile to be specific to the available substrate in the small intestine. This enables the same additive to consistently degrade substrate in many different feed ingredients.

Furthermore, the probiotic uses spore-forming Bacillus strains that are highly stable to heat and processing, yet will germinate and thrive in the small intestine of the animal. This acts as an enzyme delivery system that allows unstable enzymes which would not normally survive pelleting or the stomach, to be delivered safely to the small intestine where they are needed to break down substrate.

The exogenous protease enzyme in the strategy targets a wide range of amino acid sequences that are complimentary to pigs specific endogenous protease activity. These proteases work synergistically with the proteases and fibre-degrading enzymes from the multi-strain probiotic to provide exceptional protein breakdown, which is needed to target fibre-bound protein, liberating amino acids and other nutrients from the complex feed matrix.

A number of enzyme and probiotic screening studies were conducted to search for a solution to improve the solubilisation of the fibre-protein complex in the small intestine in grower pigs. While improvements in performance and digestibility of nitrogen and energy were seen with some enzymes, probiotics, and combinations of the two, it was evident that the protease/multi-strain probiotic combination worked well.

Understanding how the synergistic benefits of the enzyme/probiotic combination are achieved, begins by breaking down the role of amino acids.

The profile of amino acids used by a pig to elicit an immune response is very similar to that required for growth. Therefore, when a pigs immune system is challenged, amino acids are diverted away from growth. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests that digestible amino acid supply may be a key limitation to growth and feed efficiency in grower-finisher pigs.

Recent research showed pigs raised in low sanitary conditions performed significantly better when they were provided with a supplemented amino acid diet, containing increased methionine, threonine and tryptophan; as compared to a basal amino acid diet.

Other research showed that high fibre diets increase the amino acid requirements of grower pigs; including threonine, which plays an important role in gut health as well as antibody production. This means that vital amino acids can be diverted away from growth and used instead for gut maintenance.

Furthermore, tryptophan is used to synthesise acute phase proteins the first line of defence in an immune response. It is thought that the reduction in animal performance in low sanitary conditions is largely due to this competition for dietary tryptophan.

One study, conducted by Maria Walsh in 2017, explored the potential of this strategy to increase the digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed a corn/soybean meal-based diet. Overall, adding the enzyme/probiotic combination resulted in an average improvement of 33% in the apparent digestibility of amino acids (see Figure 1). This indicates that a greater proportion of amino acids, which are key for growth as well as for supporting immune defence, will be readily available at the key site of absorption.

The response (Figure 1) was highly correlated to the digestibility and concentration of the amino acid in the diet meaning there were large improvements in poorly digested amino acids present in high concentrations, and small improvements in amino acids that are highly digestible and present in lower concentrations.

Although corn and soybean meal are known for having relatively high amino acid digestibility, there are considerable fractions of protein in these ingredients that remain bound to fibre and are therefore less digestible. In corn and soybean meal, 1% of protein is bound to fibre. But as the fibre content and/or processing of feed ingredients increases, the proportion of fibre-bound protein also increases, thereby reducing the digestibility and availability of essential amino acids.

For example, corn distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS) has 13.6% of protein bound to fibre. This is compounded by the fact that a number of studies suggest that pigs do not have the capacity to breakdown and liberate nutrients from the fibre-protein complex with only their endogenous digestive capacity from the small intestine.

About 75% of these animal trials showed more than 3% feed conversion ratio (FCR) improvement over the control. This consistency has enabled researchers to generate a robust amino acid and energy matrix. When applied to a corn/soybean meal/corn DDGS-based diet formulation for grower-finisher pigs, the matrix shows a cost savings of $5.00 to $13.00 per short ton (907 kg).

With the growing pressure to remove antibiotics while maintaining performance and health, novel feed additive solutions are becoming increasingly more important. This research demonstrates the potential of the enzyme/probiotic combination and how its ability to breakdown otherwise indigestible substrates can lead to a variety of benefits for pig production, improved and consistent growth performance for sustainable profitability.

References available upon request.

See the original post here:
Adaptive additives enhance amino acid digestibility - Pig Progress (registration) (blog)

WASHINGTON

The World Health Organization has delivered dramatic news about the causes of death for young people the world over. Governments and health agencies have made great strides in reducing deaths of young children through immunization and programs that address maternal and infant care. But adolescents have somehow fallen through the cracks.

Dr. Anthony Costello, director of WHO's Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health told VOA, "Were finding 1.2 million (adolescents) die each year. Thats 3,000 deaths a day. Thats 10 jumbo jets." What's more, Costello says these deaths are largely preventable.

The study shows traffic injuries are the top cause of death among adolescents, those between 10 and 19. In most cases, the adolescent is struck by a car while walking or riding a bicycle.

Other leading causes of death include lower respiratory infections and suicide, the report found. The causes differ by gender, age and region. Boys between 15 and 19 years old are more likely to die from traffic injuries than girls or than younger boys. In sub-Saharan Africa, children are more likely to contract HIV.

Girls between 10 and 14 are at risk for getting respiratory infections from indoor air pollution and from breathing in fumes from cooking fuels. Older girls, between 15 and 19, had a greater risk of death from pregnancy complications, childbirth or unsafe abortions. Teenage girls generally have small pelvises which lead to difficult labor.

Costello said pregnant adolescent girls are also "more likely to get high blood pressure; they may be more vulnerable to bleeding, they may be more anemic. They may be in situations more vulnerable to malaria, to HIV."

The point of the study that was conducted by the WHO and partners at other U.N. agencies and the World Bank.

Looking forward

While the study focuses on the causes of death, Costello said the point was to help develop a framework and a plan to improve the health of adolescents. If adolescents had access to good health services, education and social support, fewer young people would die. In the case of traffic related deaths, he said better traffic laws, speed limits, the use of seatbelts could save lives in countries that don't have strict driving safety laws. Costello pointed out that "In India, for example, there are 90,000 deaths on the road each year; many of those are adolescents and children."

Dr. Flatvia Bistro, the assistant director-general at WHO, said, Adolescents have been entirely absent from national health plans for decades. The report proposes changing these plans and trying to help adolescents develop healthy lifestyle habits.

Costello said, "The roots of diabetes, of heart attacks, of strokes, of lung cancer, the root of that lies in the adolescent years, how the adolescents approach nutrition, and diet and exercise, whether they start to smoke or not, or abuse other substances.

Concept shift

Costello said countries need to create more adolescent friendly cities so adolescents have places to play, gather together safely and avoid gang violence.

"Governments have got to invest in young people," Costello said, because "they're the future. We mustnt be afraid to involve children in designing their own environments, in coming up with creative ideas, in working with peer groups, and investing in things that will give them an exciting life without exposing them to long term risks that could be avoidable."

A study published in The Lancet in April shows that improving the physical, mental and sexual health of adolescents could result in significant economic returns. The study contends that an investment of about $4.60 per person per year would yield more than 10 times as much in benefits to society. This study was conducted by researchers from Victoria University and the University of Melbourne along with the United Nations Populations Fund.

See original here:
WHO Says Time to Stop Ignoring Adolescent Health - Voice of America

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Diet plans, diet foods, weight loss - Women's Health & Fitness

The high protein diet has become one of the most popular diets around these days, and for good reason.

Simply put, no matter what your goals are, EVERYONE can benefit from eating a high protein diet consisting of various high protein foods.

And, unlike the many fad and gimmick diets around these days, this one is actually supported by scientific research and real world results. Whether your specific goal is weight loss, building muscle, maintaining muscle while losing fat, or just recovering better from your workouts, the high protein diet is definitely ideal for you.

Of course, you probably have a whole bunch of questions

Good questions. Lets answer every single one of them right now

Protein plays a crucial role in the growth and repair of everything from skin to hair to nails. Oh, and guess what else? MUSCLE!

Along with a proper workout routine and an ideal calorie intake, a sufficiently high protein diet is one of the 3 requirements for muscle to be built. In fact, its a requirement for muscle to just be maintained.

In addition, eating high protein foods at certain ideal times (Ill tell you those times in a minute) will also play an important role in the building or maintaining of muscle tissue as well as the entire workout recovery process.

See, during any kind of weightlifting or strength training workout, your muscles are basically being broken down with the intent being to build them back up a tiny bit better than they were before. What all research shows is that there is no aspect of your diet that is more essential to this process than protein.

Meaning, without a high protein diet, muscle growth, muscle maintenance, and workout recovery will just not be happening as effectively as it should.

People always say they want to lose weight, but thats a stupid way of saying it. Weight can be a bunch of different things.

In reality, what we all want to do here is lose fat NOT muscle. And what all research shows is that eating a high protein diet is the KEY dietary factor in preserving lean muscle while body fat is lost. Like I said earlier, a sufficient protein intake is a requirement for maintaining muscle.

But thats not all. In addition to usually being low in calories, high protein foods are also some of the most filling foods there are. Of the 3 macronutrients that provide our daily calories (protein, carbs and fat), research shows that protein is the most filling of them all. Which means, a high protein diet is key to keeping you full and satisfied, and keeping your hunger under control.

But wait, there are still more benefits. Besides being the most filling, protein is also the nutrient that burns the most calories while being digested. You see, everything we eat causes calories to be burned during digestion. Protein just burns significantly more than everything else.

Which means, eating a high protein diet loaded with high protein foods will INCREASE the amount of calories your body naturally burns each day.

People always associate protein with building muscle, but as you can clearly see, its just as important for weight loss.

At this point youre probably pretty impressed with the list of benefits protein provides regardless of your specific goal. What you probably want to see now is a list of high protein foods you can choose from.

So, here now is a list of some of the best sources of protein:

There may be a few other high protein foods out there, but these are definitely the most common. Choose your favorites.

The next question you probably have is how much protein do you need to eat per day for it to be considered a high protein diet.

Recommendations tend to vary, but in most cases, between 0.8-1.3 grams of protein per pound of body weight is the ideal range, with an even 1 gram per pound probably being the most common recommendation of all for healthy adults looking to build muscle or lose fat.

So, for example, if you weigh 175lbs, you should aim to eat between 140-227 grams of protein per day (or an even 175 grams if you want to stay in the middle). And yes, youd eat this amount everyday, whether you worked out that day or not.

Now after hearing this recommendation, some people might be thinking: Eating a high protein diet sounds impossible! How the hell am I supposed to eat that much protein every day?

Well, the truth is that its really not that hard at all. In fact, many people can reach their ideal intake just fine by only eating typical high protein foods like chicken, eggs, meat and the others on my list above.

However, there is a way to make it even easier. Im of course talking about protein supplements

Protein shakes, powder and bars are probably the most popular supplements on the market.

No, they dont magically build muscle or cause weight loss or do anything else that high quality food sources wouldnt do. However, they do have one BIG advantage they are quicker, easier and more convenient.

Think about it. Drinking your average shake with 1 scoop of protein powder will give you between 15-30 grams depending on your specific brand. Theres no cooking or preparing. You just take a scoop, add a liquid, and drink. The whole process takes a minute. Most bars also contain about 15-30g per serving and are similar to a candy bar in size (easy to carry with you) and sometimes taste.

So, while your high protein diet should be comprised mostly of the types of high protein foods on my list from before, supplements are the perfect quick, easy, convenient and often extremely tasty way to ensure you reach your ideal intake on a daily basis.

As for which supplements are the best, I personally use and highly recommend

While just reaching your ideal daily intake is always the most important part of a high protein diet, there are certain times of the day when it would be extra beneficial to eat high protein foods.

These times are:

Your pre and post workout meals are DEFINITELY the most important of all, so be sure youre eating some sort of protein at those times. I explain why, how much, and the best possible sources in my article about Post Workout Meal Nutrition.

In my opinion, whether your goal is weight loss, building muscle, getting stronger, maintaining muscle, controlling your hunger or all of the above, a high protein diet is going to work extremely well.

Of course, theres still A LOT more to your diet than just protein, and A LOT more that goes into fully designing the diet plan (and workout routine) that will work as quickly, easily and effectively as possible for you and your exact goals. Well, after nearly 10 years of people asking for it, Ive finally created the solution.

Its called The Ultimate Fat Loss & Muscle Building Guide, and in it I provide every additional answer, detail and fact you will ever need to get the best results as fast as possible. It contains the proven diet and workout system that Ive used to help countless men and women completely transform their bodies.

Ready to do the same? Then go here to learn all about it: The Ultimate Fat Loss & Muscle Building Guide

Read more from the original source:
High Protein Diet & Foods List - Intense Workout

Proper, balanced nutrition provides the nutrients you need every day to fuel your daily activities, promote and maintain a lifetime of good health and make your best shape a reality. The right nutrition is balanced nutrition. Committing to these simple nutrition guidelines can put good health within reach.

"Start everyday with balanced nutrition and essential nutrients for a healthy, active lifestyle."

Steve Henig, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, Herbalife

Healthy Breakfast Start your day right! Breakfast is important because it kick-starts your metabolism and provides energy for you to use throughout your day.

TIP: Healthy Breakfast, Healthy Choice For breakfast, enjoy a Formula 1 shake made with nonfat milk, fruit and Personalized Protein Powder, according to your needs.

Small Frequent Meals Reduced meal portions, eaten frequently throughout the day, help you prevent energy slumps and unhealthy snack cravings.

Nutritious Snacks Fruits, vegetables and small servings of protein such as nuts, yogurt or low-fat cheese during mid-morning and mid-afternoon help you avoid overeating at lunch or dinner time.

Regular Hydration Ensure a regular intake of fluids to stay properly hydrated.

Essential Nutrients Your body needs nutrients to function properly or your health will suffer. Getting the right amount of nutrients is called Balanced Nutrition. The nutrients known to be essential for human beings are proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, minerals, vitamins and water.

Vitamins & Minerals These are an important part of a balanced diet needed to support your bodys healthy functioning and metabolism

Read more here:
Herbalife - United States - A Balanced Diet

Colon cancer patients might improve their chances of survival if they eat nuts along with an overall healthy diet and regular exercise, two new studies report.

In a seven-year study, patients successfully treated for stage 3 colon cancer who ate at least 2 ounces of nuts a week had a 42 percent lower chance of their cancer coming back and a 57 percent lower risk of dying from the disease.

Stage 3 means the cancer may have spread to surrounding tissues, but hasn't spread to distant organs.

These preliminary findings jibe with those of a second trial. That study found that colon cancer survivors with the highest healthy lifestyle scores -- eating right, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight -- had a 42 percent lower risk of death than those with the lowest scores.

Both studies are scheduled for presentation next month at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), in Chicago.

"Diet and lifestyle can influence both the risk of cancer coming back and can help you live longer," said ASCO President-Elect Dr. Bruce Johnson. He's chief clinical research officer at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.

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Can what you eat make a difference in preventing cancer, or in aiding cancer treatment itself? Correspondent Martha Teichner talks with Dr. Marga...

"Once you get cancer, it's not too late to adopt these," Johnson continued. "It makes a difference. A third of our cancer risk is related to things we can prevent."

The nut study was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. It involved more than 800 patients who had received surgery and chemotherapy for their colon cancer. They all filled out diet questionnaires, including questions regarding the amount of nuts they ate. The patients were followed for about seven years after completing chemotherapy.

Nearly 1 in 5 patients (19 percent) said they ate at least 2 ounces of nuts a week, and researchers found both a lower risk of cancer recurrence and higher overall survival in that group.

However, this benefit was limited to tree nuts such as Brazil nuts, cashews, pecans, walnuts and pistachios, said lead researcher Dr. Temidayo Fadelu, a clinical fellow at Dana-Farber. Further analysis revealed that peanuts and peanut butter did not provide any benefit.

Peanuts actually fall within the legume category and are cousin to well-known legumes such as peas, beans and lentils, Fadelu noted.

"This difference [in benefit] may be due to the different biochemical composition between peanuts and tree nuts," Fadelu said.

Fadelu and his colleagues think that people who eat tree nuts might have lower blood sugar and lower levels of insulin, which could decrease their colon cancer risk.

Tree nuts contain high amounts of healthy fatty acids, fiber and flavonoids. "The thought is those impact the way the body releases insulin," Fadelu said, noting other studies have linked nut consumption to healthier blood sugar and insulin levels.

The second study also focused on stage 3 colon cancer patients after chemotherapy. Researchers surveyed almost 1,000 patients about their lifestyles, scoring them against recommendations in the American Cancer Society's Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors.

Half were followed up to seven years, and half longer.

People who stuck closely to the guidelines regarding exercise, diet and excess weight had a 42 percent lower risk of death than those who didn't, said lead researcher Erin Van Blarigan. She's an assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco.

The numbers improved even more if patients also moderated their alcohol consumption, researchers found.

When drinking was included in the analysis, people strictly following ACS lifestyle guidelines had a 51 percent lower chance of dying and a 36 percent lower chance of cancer recurrence.

Patients should not read these studies and assume that they can avoid chemotherapy and instead treat their colon cancer with diet and exercise, warned ASCO President Dr. Daniel Hayes.

"That's a very dangerous interpretation, and that's not what we're trying to get across," said Hayes, who is clinical director of breast oncology at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. "Chemotherapy clearly saves lives."

While these studies can't prove a clear cause-and-effect relationship, Hayes noted both focused on patients involved in clinical trials for chemotherapy drugs.

Using clinical trial patients takes out a lot of the biases found in typical observational studies and "makes these findings even more compelling, in my opinion," Hayes said.

Data and conclusions presented at meetings should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

Excerpt from:
Post-colon cancer diet can make a difference - CBS News

Those whose diet was the most vegetarian were 43% less likely to become obese. Photograph: Nick Ansell/PA

A diet which reduces or even excludes meat and animal produce in favour of vegetables, fruit and grains could halve peoples chances of becoming obese, according to new research.

A study carried out in Spain describes the benefits of what researchers call a pro-vegetarian diet which does not exclude meat and dairy products but reduces them. It has also been called a flexitarian diet basically vegetarian, with meat and fish consumed occasionally.

Some 16,000 university graduates were tracked from 1999 for 10 years, by which time 584 were obese, according to findings presented at the European Congress on Obesity in Porto, Portugal.

At the beginning of the study, participants completed detailed food questionnaires which were scored to establish how pro-vegetarian their diet was. They got more points for eating from seven plant food groups vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, olive oil, legumes (such as peas, beans, and lentils) and potatoes.

Points were then deducted for foods from five animal groups animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish and other seafood, and meat.

The researchers compared the 20% whose diet included the most animal products with the 20% who ate the least. They found that those whose diet was the most vegetarian were 43% less likely to become obese.

Although fish was included in the animal foods group, the results showed that there was very little difference in the amount of fish that any of the participants ate, so had little impact on obesity rates.

But there was a significant difference in the amount of meat eaten those who ate most consumed about 200g a day (roughly the weight of a small chicken breast or a seven ounce steak), while those who ate least consumed 142g. There was an even larger difference in the consumption of vegetables 348g in the meat-eating group and 731g for those whose diet was the most vegetarian. The same applied to fruit consumption 191g versus 531g.

Our recommendation is to eat less meat, said Prof Maira Bes-Rastrollo, one of the authors. Dont increase the consumption of animal foods. Prefer plant-based foods to animal foods.

The studys weakness is that it is observational it did not recruit people eating a mainly vegetarian diet in order to compare them with a group of meat eaters, nor did it attempt to change the behaviour of participants.

The pro-vegetarian diet in the study is very similar to the Mediterranean diet. Gaynor Bussell, a dietician and member of the British Dietetic Association said: We have known for a while that a healthy plant-based diet is associated with less obesity and this new evidence confirms this.

Other factors could be accounting for the lower obesity in this group; I would also add that although scored negatively, foods such as fish, some meat and dairy are not associated with obesity but it is about the overall balance of the diet. The Mediterranean diet with its reliance on fruit, veg, nuts, beans and little meat is probably an ideal mix and is also associated with lower obesity rates.

Sarah Toule from the World Cancer Research Fund said: A mainly plant-based diet not only helps reduce obesity risk, but our own evidence shows it helps reduce your cancer risk too.

Eating more portions of vegetables and fruit, cooking from scratch and including a wide variety of colours on your plate are all good ways to improve your diet.

View original post here:
'Pro-vegetarian' diet could halve chance of obesity - The Guardian

A 7-month-old baby died when his health-food nut parents fed him a diet of quinoa milk and other gluten-free, lactose-free dairy alternatives, according to reports.

The boys mom and dad diagnosed him with food allergies but didnt actually consult a doctor even after the tot started gasping for air in his final days, Belgian prosecutors say.

The parents determined their own diagnosis that their child was gluten intolerant and had a lactose allergy, the lawyers told a courtroom, per The Independent.

Not a single doctor had a dossier about Lucas and child protection services did not know about them.

The boy, who was only identified by his first name, Lucas was just 9.47 pounds when he died in 2014 half the size of the average baby his age, the paper reports.

An autopsy found he had a completely empty stomach when he eventually succumbed to dehydration and malnutrition, and a prayer card was also found tucked into his diaper, according to the Daily Mail.

The parents, identified as Peter S, 34, and Sandrina V, 30, first took their dying son to a homeopathic doctor, who urged them to go to a real hospital, the paper reports.

The hippies run a natural food store, and claimed they never noticed anything wrong with their tiny tot.

Sometimes he gained a little weight, sometimes he lost a little. We never wished for the death of our son, Sandrina said, per the Independent.

In addition to quinoa milk, they also fed him oat milk, rice milk, buckwheat milk, and semolina milk from their store, according to the parents lawyer.

Lucas had an eating disorder. He got cramps when he was fed with a bottle and his parents tried out alternatives, said their attorney Karine Van Meirvenne.

The parents are both facing sentences of up to 18 months for contributing to Lucass death.

Read more from the original source:
Parents killed baby with quinoa 'milk' diet: authorities | New York Post - New York Post

May 19, 2017

In an analysis of dietary patterns of postmenopausal women using data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, researchers at the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital found that those who consumed the fewest carbohydrates had a significantly reduced risk of gaining 10 percent of their body weight over an eight-year period, whereas those who consumed the least fat had a significantly increased risk of gaining more than 10 percent of their body weight over that time period. Their report appeared this week in the British Journal of Nutrition.

Researchers analyzed four dietary patterns that are common in the general population to see which was predictive of a 10 percent weight gain over eight years: a diet that was low in fat compared to the rest of the population, a diet relatively low in carbohydrates, a Mediterranean-style diet and a diet that adhered to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans that is released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and updated every five years.

Researchers used data from more than 93,000 women who were a part of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Their habitual diet was measured at baseline and at year three, and they self-reported their height and weight over the eight-year period. Researchers controlled for caloric intake and physical activity.

"We found that when we adjusted for some potential confounders such as socioeconomic status and age, people who ate the least fat, when we followed up with them eight years later, had a significantly increased risk of gaining more than 10 percent of their body weight, and the same pattern was seen for those following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans," said Dr. Alexis C. Frazier-Wood, assistant professor of pediatrics at Baylor and the CNRC and senior author of the paper. "We saw no association with following a Mediterranean-style diet and risk of weight gain, and we found that those who ate the least carbohydrates had a significantly reduced risk of gaining 10 percent of their weight over an eight-year period."

Frazier-Wood and the first author Dr. Christopher Ford did not look at other risk factors or outcomes such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

"This is a first step I would not make recommendations for diet changes based on this study alone, but it is suggesting that too many carbohydrates in the diet are not helpful from the point of view of weight gain," said Wood. "These data are in line with other emerging evidence, which collectively emphasize the need to consider carefully the dogma that reducing fat from the diet is helpful for obesity prevention."

Frazier-Wood said that the next steps would be determining whether changes to someone's diet changes their risk of weight gain, looking at why we see such an association and whether it is dependent on the type of carbohydrate or fat eaten, and then looking at other health outcomes, such as whether metabolic rates, glucose sensitivity and insulin sensitivity are different between the various diets.

Explore further: Quality of diet linked to risk of T2DM regardless of BMI change

More information: Christopher Ford et al. Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, British Journal of Nutrition (2017). DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517000952

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Low-carbohydrate diet could reduce weight gain risk in postmenopausal women - Medical Xpress